A nurse pours sterile saline into a bowl on a sterile field. Which technique is correct?
AReach across the field to fill the bowl at the far side
BRest the lip of the bottle on the edge of the bowl so that the saline does not splash
CPour from below the level of the field to reduce splashing
DHold the bottle with the label in the palm and pour without touching the bowl
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar
An 84-year-old resident with an indwelling catheter suddenly becomes confused but has no fever. What should the nurse consider?
AA sedative is needed to keep the resident calm
BInfection can be ruled out because there is no fever
CThe confusion is part of normal aging at this age and needs no further action
DAn infection may present as confusion in older adults, so assess further and report
3.Asas kejururawatanSederhana
Pesakit diabetes yang sedar mempunyai glukosa darah rendah dan boleh menelan dengan selamat. Apakah langkah pertama?
ABeri karbohidrat bertindak pantas melalui mulut dan semak semula glukosa
BBeri hidangan besar serta-merta dan semak semula glukosa pagi esok
CBeri dos insulin seterusnya
DJangan beri apa-apa sehingga doktor tiba
4.Asas kejururawatanSukar
Which task should a registered nurse not delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?
ATaking routine observations on a stable patient
BHelping a patient with a morning wash
CRecording a patient's oral fluid intake
DAssessing a patient who reports new chest pain
5.MikrobiologiSederhana
Mengapakah bakteria Gram-negatif selalunya lebih sukar dirawat dengan antibiotik?
AIa mempunyai lapisan peptidoglikan yang lebih tebal
BMembran luarnya menyekat banyak ubat
CIa tidak mempunyai ribosom
DIa membahagi dengan jauh lebih perlahan
6.MikrobiologiSukar
Seorang dewasa muda dengan sakit tekak, demam dan nodus limfa yang bengkak diberi amoksisilin dan mengalami ruam yang meluas. Jangkitan manakah yang paling berkemungkinan?
AMononukleosis berjangkit yang disebabkan oleh virus Epstein–Barr
BCampak
CTonsilitis streptokokus
DCacar air
3Larutan
1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: D · Hold the bottle with the label in the palm and pour without touching the bowl
Mengapa ini jawapannya
The nurse pours from a little height without touching the sterile bowl, avoiding splashes that would wet the field. Holding the label in the palm keeps it readable and free of drips.
Jawapan
D · Hold the bottle with the label in the palm and pour without touching the bowl
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: D · An infection may present as confusion in older adults, so assess further and report
Mengapa ini jawapannya
In older adults, infections such as urinary tract infection may present with new confusion, falls or reduced appetite rather than fever. Sudden confusion is assessed and reported, not dismissed as aging.
Jawapan
D · An infection may present as confusion in older adults, so assess further and report
3.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: A · Beri karbohidrat bertindak pantas melalui mulut dan semak semula glukosa
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Pesakit sedar yang boleh menelan diberi glukosa bertindak pantas, seperti tablet glukosa atau jus, dan paras disemak semula selepas seketika. Karbohidrat bertindak lebih lama menyusul apabila ia telah naik.
Jawapan
A · Beri karbohidrat bertindak pantas melalui mulut dan semak semula glukosa
4.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: D · Assessing a patient who reports new chest pain
Mengapa ini jawapannya
New symptoms in a patient need registered nurse assessment and decision-making. Routine, predictable tasks with stable patients can be delegated with clear instructions.
Jawapan
D · Assessing a patient who reports new chest pain
5.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: B · Membran luarnya menyekat banyak ubat
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Membran luar bakteria Gram-negatif, dengan lipopolisakarida dan porin, menghalang banyak antibiotik masuk dan menambah pertahanan efluks serta enzim.
Jawapan
B · Membran luarnya menyekat banyak ubat
6.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: A · Mononukleosis berjangkit yang disebabkan oleh virus Epstein–Barr
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Demam kelenjar disebabkan oleh EBV. Ramai pesakit yang diberi amoksisilin semasa sakit mengalami ruam. Antibiotik tidak membantu kerana puncanya virus.
Jawapan
A · Mononukleosis berjangkit yang disebabkan oleh virus Epstein–Barr