A patient with difficulty swallowing is prescribed an extended-release tablet. What should the nurse do?
ACut the tablet in half so it is easier to swallow
BCrush the tablet finely and mix it into a spoonful of applesauce or yogurt
CDissolve the tablet in a glass of hot water
DAsk the prescriber or pharmacist for another form and not crush the tablet
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar
A patient is admitted with suspected pneumonic plague after a possible bioterrorism release. Which precautions are used?
ADroplet precautions
BStandard precautions only
CContact precautions only
DAirborne precautions
3.Asas kejururawatanSederhana
A patient says, "I've never seen this tablet before," as the nurse offers it. What should the nurse do?
AStop and recheck the prescription before giving it
BReassure the patient that the tablet is correct and give it
CGive half the tablet until the doctor visits
DLeave the tablet on the table for the patient to take later
4.Asas kejururawatanSukar
A potassium result is unexpectedly high and the lab reports that the sample was haemolysed. What does this mean?
AThe patient definitely has low potassium
BThe result is accurate and needs no follow-up
CThe result may be falsely high and the test should be repeated
DThe patient definitely has dangerous hyperkalaemia needing treatment
5.MikrobiologiSederhana
Toxoplasma gondii merupakan risiko semasa kehamilan. Nasihat manakah yang mengurangkan pendedahan?
AElakkan membersihkan najis kucing dan elakkan daging yang kurang masak
BElakkan semua buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran
CElakkan sentuhan dengan anjing
DElakkan kolam renang dan semua kawasan mandi awam yang lain
6.MikrobiologiSukar
Bagaimanakah jenis HPV berisiko tinggi menyumbang kepada kanser serviks?
AVirus memusnahkan sel T CD4 dalam serviks
BProtein virus E6 dan E7 menyahaktifkan penindas tumor p53 dan Rb
CVirus menghasilkan endotoksin yang merosakkan DNA
DVirus membunuh sel dengan begitu pantas sehingga digantikan oleh sel kanser
3Larutan
1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: D · Ask the prescriber or pharmacist for another form and not crush the tablet
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Crushing or splitting an extended-release product can release the whole dose at once and cause toxicity. The nurse asks for a suitable alternative, such as a liquid or immediate-release form.
Jawapan
D · Ask the prescriber or pharmacist for another form and not crush the tablet
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: A · Droplet precautions
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Pneumonic plague spreads from person to person by respiratory droplets, so droplet precautions are used until the patient has had effective antibiotics for the period set by policy. Bubonic plague without lung involvement needs standard precautions.
Jawapan
A · Droplet precautions
3.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: A · Stop and recheck the prescription before giving it
Mengapa ini jawapannya
A patient questioning a medicine may be a sign of an error. The nurse holds the dose, checks the prescription and the drug and explains before giving it.
Jawapan
A · Stop and recheck the prescription before giving it
4.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: C · The result may be falsely high and the test should be repeated
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Red cells contain a lot of potassium, so haemolysis during collection can falsely raise the result. The sample is repeated, with the patient assessed in the meantime.
Jawapan
C · The result may be falsely high and the test should be repeated
5.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: A · Elakkan membersihkan najis kucing dan elakkan daging yang kurang masak
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Ookista Toxoplasma dikeluarkan dalam najis kucing dan sista terdapat dalam daging yang kurang masak. Jangkitan semasa kehamilan boleh merosakkan otak dan mata janin.
Jawapan
A · Elakkan membersihkan najis kucing dan elakkan daging yang kurang masak
6.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: B · Protein virus E6 dan E7 menyahaktifkan penindas tumor p53 dan Rb
Mengapa ini jawapannya
E6 menggalakkan pemecahan p53 dan E7 mengikat Rb, menyingkirkan kawalan ke atas pembahagian sel dan pembaikan DNA. Sel yang dijangkiti kemudian boleh mengumpul mutasi dan menjadi kanser selama bertahun-tahun.
Jawapan
B · Protein virus E6 dan E7 menyahaktifkan penindas tumor p53 dan Rb