Kawalan Jangkitan dan Keselamatan Pesakit: pek ulang kaji kilat

Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 6 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.

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1Formula dan kaedah

Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Kaedah

  1. Mulakan dengan langkah berjaga-jaga standard untuk setiap pesakit: kebersihan tangan, PPE untuk pendedahan yang dijangka, benda tajam yang selamat.
  2. Tambah langkah berjaga-jaga mengikut laluan: sentuhan (gaun, sarung tangan), titisan (pelitup muka pembedahan), bawaan udara (N95, bilik tekanan negatif).
  3. Pastikan item steril kekal steril: jika ragu-ragu, ia tidak steril; gantikan, jangan sekali-kali dilap.
  4. Cegah bahaya dalam persekitaran: langkah pencegahan jatuh, sekatan hanya sebagai pilihan terakhir, RACE dan PASS untuk kebakaran.
  5. Semak hak pemberian ubat, dua pengenalpastian dan perlindungan tambahan untuk ubat berisiko tinggi; laporkan kesilapan dan hampir-hampir terlepas.

2Soalan latihan

1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSederhana

Why is blood glucose control important around the time of surgery?

  1. ALow glucose is needed around surgery so that the wound edges close more quickly
  2. BGlucose levels only affect patients who have type 1 diabetes
  3. CHigh glucose makes anesthetic drugs work for much longer and delays waking up
  4. DHigh glucose impairs white cell function and raises the risk of surgical site infection
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar

Which patient should the nurse assess first?

  1. AA patient with an MRSA wound due for a routine dressing change
  2. BA patient with tuberculosis who is asking to have visitors
  3. CA patient who wants more alcohol hand rub in the room
  4. DA patient on chemotherapy with a new temperature of 38.4 °C (101.1 °F)
3.Asas kejururawatanSederhana

What is the correct order of techniques when assessing the abdomen?

  1. AInspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
  2. BPalpation, inspection, auscultation, percussion
  3. CAuscultation, palpation, inspection, percussion
  4. DInspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
4.Asas kejururawatanSukar

Which statement by a visitor shows a need for further teaching about contact precautions?

  1. A"I'll put on the gown and gloves before I go in."
  2. B"I'll take the gown off at home after I leave the hospital."
  3. C"I'll take off the gown and gloves before I leave the room."
  4. D"I'll clean my hands as I leave the room."
5.MikrobiologiSederhana

Sel manakah yang terutamanya dijangkiti dan dimusnahkan oleh HIV?

  1. ANeutrofil
  2. BPlatelet
  3. CSel T pembantu CD4
  4. DSel darah merah
6.MikrobiologiSukar

Corynebacterium diphtheriae menyebabkan difteria hanya jika ia menghasilkan toksin difteria. Bilakah ia membuat toksin ini?

  1. AHanya selepas ia berkonjugasi dengan E. coli dan menerima plasmid
  2. BApabila ia membawa bakteriofaj yang mempunyai gen toksin
  3. CHanya apabila ditumbuhkan pada suhu tinggi
  4. DSetiap kali ia terdedah kepada antibiotik

3Larutan

1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Jawapan: D · High glucose impairs white cell function and raises the risk of surgical site infection

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Hyperglycemia weakens neutrophil function and slows healing, so it increases the risk of surgical site infection. Keeping glucose in the target range is part of infection prevention for surgical patients.

Jawapan

D · High glucose impairs white cell function and raises the risk of surgical site infection
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Jawapan: D · A patient on chemotherapy with a new temperature of 38.4 °C (101.1 °F)

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Fever in a patient who may be neutropenic can be the first sign of sepsis and needs urgent assessment. The other needs are real but stable and can wait a short time.

Jawapan

D · A patient on chemotherapy with a new temperature of 38.4 °C (101.1 °F)
3.Asas kejururawatan

Jawapan: A · Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation

Mengapa ini jawapannya

In the abdomen the nurse listens before touching, because percussion and palpation can change bowel sounds. In other body systems palpation and percussion come before auscultation.

Jawapan

A · Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
4.Asas kejururawatan

Jawapan: B · "I'll take the gown off at home after I leave the hospital."

Mengapa ini jawapannya

PPE is removed in or at the door of the patient's room and disposed of there, followed by hand hygiene. Wearing it out of the room spreads the organism.

Jawapan

B · "I'll take the gown off at home after I leave the hospital."
5.Mikrobiologi

Jawapan: C · Sel T pembantu CD4

Mengapa ini jawapannya

HIV mengikat CD4 dan ko-reseptor pada sel T pembantu. Kehilangan sel ini melemahkan imuniti antibodi dan imuniti pengantara sel, lalu membawa kepada AIDS.

Jawapan

C · Sel T pembantu CD4
6.Mikrobiologi

Jawapan: B · Apabila ia membawa bakteriofaj yang mempunyai gen toksin

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Gen tox dibawa oleh bakteriofaj. Apabila fag disepadukan sebagai profaj, bakteria boleh menghasilkan toksin. Strain tanpa fag tidak toksigenik.

Jawapan

B · Apabila ia membawa bakteriofaj yang mempunyai gen toksin

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/infection-control-and-patient-safety