When is a prophylactic antibiotic usually given to prevent a surgical site infection?
AOne week before surgery
BOnly if a fever develops after surgery
CThe day after surgery, once the wound is closed
DWithin about 60 minutes before the incision
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar
While preparing an IV medication, a nurse sees that the syringe tip touched the medication tray after the cap came off. What should the nurse do?
AGive the dose anyway, because the medication tray was cleaned this morning
BWipe the tip with an alcohol swab and give the dose
CBlow on the tip to remove any dust
DDiscard the syringe and prepare the dose again with new equipment
3.Asas kejururawatanSederhana
How should a rectal suppository be inserted?
APast the internal sphincter, against the rectal wall
BJust inside the anus, without passing the sphincter
CAfter the patient has stood up and bent forward
DInto the middle of the stool in the rectum so it softens it
4.Asas kejururawatanSukar
A patient with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis has to go to the X-ray department. What is correct?
AThe patient wears a respirator and staff wear nothing
BThe patient cannot leave the room under any circumstances
CNo precautions are needed outside the ward
DThe patient wears a surgical mask during transport
5.MikrobiologiSederhana
Banyak ubat antikulat menyasarkan ergosterol. Mengapakah ini berkesan?
ASel manusia menggunakan ergosterol untuk menghasilkan tenaga
BErgosterol terdapat dalam membran sel kulat tetapi tidak dalam sel manusia
CErgosterol hanya terdapat dalam virus
DErgosterol ialah komponen struktur utama dinding sel bakteria
6.MikrobiologiSukar
Pada agar MacConkey, koloni merah jambu tumbuh daripada sampel air kencing. Apakah yang ditunjukkan oleh ini?
AOrganisma itu tidak menapai laktosa, jadi ia mungkin Salmonella
BOrganisma itu kokus Gram-positif
COrganisma itu kulat
DOrganisma itu mungkin basilus Gram-negatif yang menapai laktosa
3Larutan
1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: D · Within about 60 minutes before the incision
Mengapa ini jawapannya
For most drugs, prophylaxis is given within 60 minutes before the incision so tissue levels are high during surgery. Some drugs, such as vancomycin, start earlier because they are infused over longer.
Jawapan
D · Within about 60 minutes before the incision
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: D · Discard the syringe and prepare the dose again with new equipment
Mengapa ini jawapannya
In aseptic non-touch technique, key parts such as syringe tips and IV hubs must not touch any non-sterile surface. A contaminated key part is not cleaned and reused. It is replaced.
Jawapan
D · Discard the syringe and prepare the dose again with new equipment
3.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: A · Past the internal sphincter, against the rectal wall
Mengapa ini jawapannya
The suppository is pushed past the internal anal sphincter and placed against the rectal wall, usually with the patient lying on the left side. Placing it in stool stops absorption.
Jawapan
A · Past the internal sphincter, against the rectal wall
4.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: D · The patient wears a surgical mask during transport
Mengapa ini jawapannya
When an airborne-precaution patient must leave the room, they wear a surgical mask to contain respiratory secretions. Staff in close contact still wear respirators as per policy, and the receiving department is informed.
Jawapan
D · The patient wears a surgical mask during transport
5.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: B · Ergosterol terdapat dalam membran sel kulat tetapi tidak dalam sel manusia
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Membran kulat mengandungi ergosterol, manakala membran manusia mengandungi kolesterol. Azol menyekat sintesis ergosterol dan amfoterisin mengikat ergosterol, maka ia menyasarkan kulat secara selektif.
Jawapan
B · Ergosterol terdapat dalam membran sel kulat tetapi tidak dalam sel manusia
6.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: D · Organisma itu mungkin basilus Gram-negatif yang menapai laktosa
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Agar MacConkey mengandungi garam hempedu dan kristal violet yang merencat bakteria Gram-positif (selektif) serta laktosa dengan penunjuk pH (pembeza). Penapai laktosa seperti E. coli menghasilkan asid dan bertukar merah jambu.
Jawapan
D · Organisma itu mungkin basilus Gram-negatif yang menapai laktosa