A patient receiving continuous nasogastric feeding has pulled the tube partly out. What should the nurse do first?
AStop the feeding until the tube position is checked
BPush the tube back in and restart the feed
CTape the tube in its new position and continue
DIncrease the feed rate to make up for the lost time
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar
A patient with a common cold asks for antibiotics “to be on the safe side”. Which response is best?
ASuggest using leftover antibiotics from a previous illness
BTell the patient that antibiotics will shorten the cold by several days
CExplain that antibiotics do not work on viruses and overuse breeds resistant bacteria
DAsk the provider to prescribe antibiotics anyway so that the patient is reassured
3.Asas kejururawatanSederhana
If hair needs to be removed before surgery, what is recommended?
AElectric clippers on the day of surgery
BHair removal cream applied in theatre
CShaving with a razor the night before
DPlucking the hairs with tweezers
4.Asas kejururawatanSukar
The wife of a man with terminal cancer cries often and says she is already grieving for him. What is this called?
AAnticipatory grief
BDisenfranchised grief
CDelayed grief
DComplicated grief
5.MikrobiologiSederhana
Apakah yang dilakukan PCR di makmal diagnostik?
AIa mengukur paras antibodi spesifik dalam sampel serum pesakit
BIa membuat banyak salinan jujukan DNA tertentu supaya dapat dikesan
CIa mewarnakan bakteria supaya kelihatan
DIa menumbuhkan bakteria dengan lebih pantas pada plat agar
6.MikrobiologiSukar
Kateter kencing telah dijajah oleh bakteria dalam biofilem. Mengapakah kateter itu biasanya diganti dan bukannya sekadar diberi antibiotik?
ABakteria biofilem tidak boleh menyebabkan penyakit
BAntibiotik merosakkan bahan kateter
CBakteria dalam biofilem dilindungi dan jauh lebih sukar dibunuh oleh antibiotik
DBiofilem hanya mengandungi virus, maka antibiotik tidak berkesan
3Larutan
1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: A · Stop the feeding until the tube position is checked
Mengapa ini jawapannya
A displaced tube may now sit in the esophagus or airway. The feeding is stopped and the tube is not pushed back blindly. Its position is checked according to policy, or it is replaced.
Jawapan
A · Stop the feeding until the tube position is checked
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: C · Explain that antibiotics do not work on viruses and overuse breeds resistant bacteria
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Colds are caused by viruses, which antibiotics do not kill. Unneeded antibiotics cause side effects and drive resistance, so the nurse explains this and offers advice on managing symptoms.
Jawapan
C · Explain that antibiotics do not work on viruses and overuse breeds resistant bacteria
3.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: A · Electric clippers on the day of surgery
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Razors cause small skin cuts that increase surgical site infection. If needed, hair is removed with electric clippers close to the time of surgery.
Jawapan
A · Electric clippers on the day of surgery
4.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: A · Anticipatory grief
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Anticipatory grief happens before an expected death. It is a normal reaction, and nurses can support it by listening and involving the family in care.
Jawapan
A · Anticipatory grief
5.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: B · Ia membuat banyak salinan jujukan DNA tertentu supaya dapat dikesan
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Tindak balas rantai polimerase menggandakan jujukan sasaran berjuta kali. Ia boleh mengesan patogen yang sukar dikultur; virus RNA ditukar terlebih dahulu kepada DNA (RT-PCR).
Jawapan
B · Ia membuat banyak salinan jujukan DNA tertentu supaya dapat dikesan
6.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: C · Bakteria dalam biofilem dilindungi dan jauh lebih sukar dibunuh oleh antibiotik
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Dalam biofilem, bakteria hidup dalam matriks pelindung, tumbuh perlahan dan boleh menahan paras antibiotik yang tinggi. Mengeluarkan peranti menyingkirkan sumber jangkitan.
Jawapan
C · Bakteria dalam biofilem dilindungi dan jauh lebih sukar dibunuh oleh antibiotik