Kawalan Jangkitan dan Keselamatan Pesakit: pek ulang kaji kilat

Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 6 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.

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1Formula dan kaedah

Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Kaedah

  1. Mulakan dengan langkah berjaga-jaga standard untuk setiap pesakit: kebersihan tangan, PPE untuk pendedahan yang dijangka, benda tajam yang selamat.
  2. Tambah langkah berjaga-jaga mengikut laluan: sentuhan (gaun, sarung tangan), titisan (pelitup muka pembedahan), bawaan udara (N95, bilik tekanan negatif).
  3. Pastikan item steril kekal steril: jika ragu-ragu, ia tidak steril; gantikan, jangan sekali-kali dilap.
  4. Cegah bahaya dalam persekitaran: langkah pencegahan jatuh, sekatan hanya sebagai pilihan terakhir, RACE dan PASS untuk kebakaran.
  5. Semak hak pemberian ubat, dua pengenalpastian dan perlindungan tambahan untuk ubat berisiko tinggi; laporkan kesilapan dan hampir-hampir terlepas.

2Soalan latihan

1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSederhana

Which patient has the highest risk of a burn from a heating pad?

  1. AA patient with a sprained wrist who is fully alert
  2. BA healthy young adult with a strained muscle
  3. CA patient recovering from a cold
  4. DA patient with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar

A patient with depression has suddenly become calm and is giving away personal possessions. What does this suggest?

  1. AThat the patient wants to make new friends on the unit
  2. BThat the depression has resolved and observation can be reduced
  3. CThat the patient is now ready for discharge today
  4. DA possibly increased suicide risk that needs immediate assessment
3.Asas kejururawatanSederhana

Why might a nurse use silence during a conversation with a patient?

  1. AIt lets the nurse plan the next task
  2. BIt ends the conversation politely
  3. CIt shows the patient that the nurse is busy and wants to move on
  4. DIt gives the patient time to think and say more
4.Asas kejururawatanSukar

Three days after abdominal surgery, a patient coughs and the wound opens with bowel visible. What should the nurse do first?

  1. ASit the patient fully upright and ask them to cough again
  2. BCover it with sterile saline-soaked dressings and call for urgent help
  3. CPush the bowel gently back into the abdomen, then apply a firm bandage over it
  4. DLeave the wound uncovered so the surgeon can see it
5.MikrobiologiSederhana

Famili virus manakah yang merangkumi virus penyebab ruam demam (cold sores) dan cacar air?

  1. ARetrovirus
  2. BKoronavirus
  3. CPikornavirus
  4. DVirus herpes
6.MikrobiologiSukar

Kepekatan perencatan minimum (MIC) sesuatu antibiotik ialah:

  1. ADos tertinggi yang boleh ditoleransi pesakit
  2. BKepekatan terendah yang membunuh 99.9% inokulum bakteria secara in vitro
  3. CKepekatan terendah yang menghalang pertumbuhan bakteria yang kelihatan secara in vitro
  4. DParas plasma di mana kesan sampingan bermula

3Larutan

1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Jawapan: D · A patient with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Reduced sensation, as in peripheral neuropathy, prevents a person from feeling heat damage. Patients with poor sensation, poor circulation or confusion need very close monitoring if heat is used at all.

Jawapan

D · A patient with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Jawapan: D · A possibly increased suicide risk that needs immediate assessment

Mengapa ini jawapannya

A sudden improvement in mood with giving away belongings can mean the person has made a plan. The nurse assesses suicide risk directly, increases observation and informs the team.

Jawapan

D · A possibly increased suicide risk that needs immediate assessment
3.Asas kejururawatan

Jawapan: D · It gives the patient time to think and say more

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Therapeutic silence gives the patient space to gather their thoughts and express feelings, especially about difficult topics. It is used with attentive body language.

Jawapan

D · It gives the patient time to think and say more
4.Asas kejururawatan

Jawapan: B · Cover it with sterile saline-soaked dressings and call for urgent help

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Evisceration is a surgical emergency. The nurse stays with the patient, covers the bowel with sterile moist dressings, positions them to reduce tension on the wound and calls for urgent surgical review.

Jawapan

B · Cover it with sterile saline-soaked dressings and call for urgent help
5.Mikrobiologi

Jawapan: D · Virus herpes

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Herpes simpleks (cold sores) dan varisela-zoster (cacar air, kayap) ialah virus herpes yang kekal pendam dalam ganglia deria dan boleh diaktifkan semula.

Jawapan

D · Virus herpes
6.Mikrobiologi

Jawapan: C · Kepekatan terendah yang menghalang pertumbuhan bakteria yang kelihatan secara in vitro

Mengapa ini jawapannya

MIC ialah kepekatan terendah yang merencat pertumbuhan yang kelihatan. Kepekatan bakterisid minimum (MBC) ialah kepekatan terendah yang membunuh 99.9% bakteria.

Jawapan

C · Kepekatan terendah yang menghalang pertumbuhan bakteria yang kelihatan secara in vitro

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/infection-control-and-patient-safety