An older adult has trouble getting in and out of the bath. Which measures make bathing safer?
AA loose rug beside the tub to stand on
BA shower chair, grab bars and a non-slip mat
CLocking the bathroom door for privacy
DBath oil to help the person slide in and out
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar
A nurse often skips barcode scanning to save time, as many colleagues do. In a just culture, how is this behavior classed?
AAcceptable behavior, because it is common on the unit
BSimple human error, managed only by consoling the nurse and moving on
CReckless behavior, managed by immediate dismissal and reporting to the licensing board
DAt-risk behavior, managed by coaching and fixing the system pressures behind it
3.Asas kejururawatanSederhana
Why is a slide sheet used to move a patient up the bed?
AIt lets one nurse lift the patient alone
BIt keeps the bed clean during the move
CIt warms the patient during the move
DIt reduces friction and shear on the skin
4.Asas kejururawatanSukar
The intact skin over a patient's heel is deep purple and feels boggy. What should be suspected?
AA category 1 pressure ulcer that will heal by itself
BA suspected deep tissue injury
CA normal bruise from a minor knock
DA fungal skin infection
5.MikrobiologiSederhana
Pemindahan gen bakteria daripada satu bakteria ke bakteria lain oleh virus dipanggil:
ATranskripsi
BTransformasi
CKonjugasi
DTransduksi
6.MikrobiologiSukar
Bagaimanakah jenis HPV berisiko tinggi menyumbang kepada kanser serviks?
AVirus memusnahkan sel T CD4 dalam serviks
BProtein virus E6 dan E7 menyahaktifkan penindas tumor p53 dan Rb
CVirus menghasilkan endotoksin yang merosakkan DNA
DVirus membunuh sel dengan begitu pantas sehingga digantikan oleh sel kanser
3Larutan
1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: B · A shower chair, grab bars and a non-slip mat
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Shower chairs, grab bars and non-slip surfaces reduce slips and falls. Bath oils make surfaces slippery, and a locked door delays help if the person falls.
Jawapan
B · A shower chair, grab bars and a non-slip mat
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: D · At-risk behavior, managed by coaching and fixing the system pressures behind it
Mengapa ini jawapannya
At-risk behavior is a choice whose risk is not recognized or is believed to be justified, often because shortcuts have become normal. It is managed by coaching and removing the pressures behind it, while reckless behavior may need disciplinary action.
Jawapan
D · At-risk behavior, managed by coaching and fixing the system pressures behind it
3.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: D · It reduces friction and shear on the skin
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Slide sheets let the patient glide rather than be dragged, protecting the skin from friction and shear and reducing strain on staff.
Jawapan
D · It reduces friction and shear on the skin
4.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: B · A suspected deep tissue injury
Mengapa ini jawapannya
A purple or maroon area of intact skin, often firm or boggy, suggests deep tissue injury from pressure and shear. It can quickly become a deep open ulcer, so pressure must be removed at once.
Jawapan
B · A suspected deep tissue injury
5.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: D · Transduksi
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Dalam transduksi bakteriofaj secara tidak sengaja membungkus DNA bakteria dan menghantarnya kepada sel seterusnya yang dijangkitinya. Transformasi ialah pengambilan DNA bebas dan konjugasi menggunakan sentuhan langsung.
Jawapan
D · Transduksi
6.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: B · Protein virus E6 dan E7 menyahaktifkan penindas tumor p53 dan Rb
Mengapa ini jawapannya
E6 menggalakkan pemecahan p53 dan E7 mengikat Rb, menyingkirkan kawalan ke atas pembahagian sel dan pembaikan DNA. Sel yang dijangkiti kemudian boleh mengumpul mutasi dan menjadi kanser selama bertahun-tahun.
Jawapan
B · Protein virus E6 dan E7 menyahaktifkan penindas tumor p53 dan Rb