Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.
2Soalan latihan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana
Which criteria are needed for a diagnosis of intellectual disability?
AMemory loss and confusion that start for the first time after the age of 65
BAn IQ score alone, measured at any time in adult life
CLimits in both intellectual and adaptive functioning, starting in childhood
DProblems with reading only, with normal everyday functioning
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar
A behaviour plan states that staff will no longer give attention to a child's tantrums but will praise calm behaviour. For the first few days, the tantrums become worse. What does this most likely show?
AThat the tantrums are caused by a physical illness
BThat the plan has failed and should be stopped immediately
CThat the child needs firm punishment for each tantrum instead
DAn extinction burst, which is expected before the behaviour decreases
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana
Seseorang mengalami gejala yang menyusahkan bermula dua minggu selepas kemalangan kereta yang serius dan telah berlangsung sepuluh hari. Diagnosis manakah yang paling sesuai?
AGangguan kebimbangan umum
BGangguan tekanan akut
CGangguan tekanan pasca trauma
DGangguan penyesuaian
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar
Terapi tingkah laku dialektik (DBT) pada asalnya dibangunkan untuk:
ADemensia
BFobia spesifik
CGangguan bipolar
DGangguan personaliti ambang dengan mencederakan diri
5.FarmakologiSederhana
Makrolida seperti klaritromisin bertindak dengan:
AMerencat sintesis dinding sel
BMerencat DNA gyrase
CMenyekat sintesis asid folik
DMengikat subunit ribosom 50S untuk merencat sintesis protein
6.FarmakologiSukar
A patient who has taken lorazepam daily for many months stops it suddenly. Which serious complication may follow?
AWithdrawal seizures
BProfound respiratory depression
CSevere bradycardia
DPinpoint pupils and coma
3Larutan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: C · Limits in both intellectual and adaptive functioning, starting in childhood
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Intellectual disability requires limitations in intellectual functions and in adaptive functioning, such as communication, self-care and social skills, starting in childhood. Severity is based mainly on adaptive functioning.
Jawapan
C · Limits in both intellectual and adaptive functioning, starting in childhood
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: D · An extinction burst, which is expected before the behaviour decreases
Mengapa ini jawapannya
When a reinforced behaviour stops being rewarded, it often increases temporarily (an extinction burst) before declining. Consistency by all staff is essential, while safety is always maintained.
Jawapan
D · An extinction burst, which is expected before the behaviour decreases
3.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: B · Gangguan tekanan akut
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Gangguan tekanan akut meliputi gejala trauma yang berlangsung dari tiga hari hingga sebulan selepas peristiwa. Jika gejala berterusan melebihi sebulan, PTSD mungkin didiagnosis.
Jawapan
B · Gangguan tekanan akut
4.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: D · Gangguan personaliti ambang dengan mencederakan diri
Mengapa ini jawapannya
DBT menggabungkan CBT dengan kesedaran penuh, pengawalaturan emosi dan kemahiran toleransi tekanan, pada mulanya untuk orang dengan gangguan personaliti ambang dan kecenderungan bunuh diri kronik.
Jawapan
D · Gangguan personaliti ambang dengan mencederakan diri
5.Farmakologi
Jawapan: D · Mengikat subunit ribosom 50S untuk merencat sintesis protein
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Makrolida mengikat subunit 50S ribosom bakteria dan menyekat sintesis protein. Fluorokuinolon merencat DNA gyrase dan beta-laktam dinding sel.
Jawapan
D · Mengikat subunit ribosom 50S untuk merencat sintesis protein
6.Farmakologi
Jawapan: A · Withdrawal seizures
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Abrupt withdrawal after long-term benzodiazepine use causes anxiety, insomnia, tremor and sometimes seizures. Long-term users should have the dose tapered gradually.