Kejururawatan Kesihatan Mental: pek ulang kaji kilat

Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 6 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.

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1Formula dan kaedah

Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Kaedah

  1. Tentukan sama ada terdapat risiko segera: bunuh diri, keganasan, kecemasan akibat ubat atau penyakit fizikal.
  2. Bertindak untuk keselamatan dahulu: perhatikan, alihkan alat yang boleh digunakan, redakan ketegangan, hentikan ubat yang berbahaya, dapatkan bantuan.
  3. Pilih respons terapeutik: akui perasaan, kemukakan realiti, elakkan jaminan palsu dan soalan “mengapa”.
  4. Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.

2Soalan latihan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana

A patient says, "The doctor says I'm getting better, but I don't think anyone here really knows me." Which nurse response is most therapeutic?

  1. A"Everyone here knows you well, so don't worry."
  2. B"The doctor is very experienced, so you should trust her."
  3. C"Why do you think the doctor is wrong about you?"
  4. D"You feel that people here don't really know you?"
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar

A patient with alcohol dependence is confused, unsteady on his feet and has abnormal eye movements. Why is it urgent to give thiamine?

  1. AThiamine prevents all alcohol withdrawal seizures
  2. BWernicke's encephalopathy can be reversed if treated early, but may otherwise lead to permanent Korsakoff syndrome
  3. CThiamine will make him dislike the taste of alcohol in the future, which helps prevent a relapse
  4. DThiamine quickly lowers the blood alcohol level
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana

Kajian Rosenhan "On being sane in insane places" menimbulkan kebimbangan tentang:

  1. AKeselamatan antidepresan
  2. BKeberkesanan CBT
  3. CKesahan diagnosis psikiatri
  4. DEtika penyelidikan haiwan
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar

Temu duga yang mengikut set soalan tetap dalam susunan tetap untuk mencapai diagnosis dipanggil:

  1. ATemu duga klinikal berstruktur
  2. BSesi asosiasi bebas
  3. CTemu duga tidak berstruktur
  4. DUjian projektif
5.FarmakologiSederhana

Mengapakah NSAID seperti ibuprofen meningkatkan risiko ulser perut?

  1. AIa menaikkan pH asid gastrik
  2. BIa meningkatkan bilangan bakteria Helicobacter pylori dalam perut
  3. CIa melarutkan lapisan mukus secara langsung
  4. DIa mengurangkan prostaglandin pelindung dalam lapisan perut
6.FarmakologiSukar

A patient who takes clonidine stopped it suddenly two days ago. He is now agitated, has a headache and his blood pressure is very high. What is the most likely explanation?

  1. AAn allergic reaction to clonidine
  2. BNormal variation unrelated to the medication
  3. CClonidine toxicity due to slow excretion by the kidneys
  4. DRebound hypertension from abrupt clonidine withdrawal

3Larutan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: D · "You feel that people here don't really know you?"

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Reflecting the patient's concern invites them to explore it. Defending the doctor, reassuring falsely or asking "why" all close the conversation down.

Jawapan

D · "You feel that people here don't really know you?"
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: B · Wernicke's encephalopathy can be reversed if treated early, but may otherwise lead to permanent Korsakoff syndrome

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Wernicke's encephalopathy is an emergency caused by thiamine deficiency. Prompt high-dose thiamine can reverse it, but delay can lead to Korsakoff syndrome with lasting memory loss, or death.

Jawapan

B · Wernicke's encephalopathy can be reversed if treated early, but may otherwise lead to permanent Korsakoff syndrome
3.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: C · Kesahan diagnosis psikiatri

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Pseudopesakit yang melaporkan mendengar satu perkataan telah dimasukkan dan ditahan selama berminggu-minggu, menunjukkan diagnosis dipengaruhi oleh konteks. Kaedah kajian ini telah dipersoalkan sejak itu.

Jawapan

C · Kesahan diagnosis psikiatri
4.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: A · Temu duga klinikal berstruktur

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Temu duga berstruktur seperti SCID mengemukakan soalan piawai yang dikaitkan dengan kriteria diagnostik, meningkatkan kebolehpercayaan berbanding temu duga tidak berstruktur.

Jawapan

A · Temu duga klinikal berstruktur
5.Farmakologi

Jawapan: D · Ia mengurangkan prostaglandin pelindung dalam lapisan perut

Mengapa ini jawapannya

NSAID merencat COX-1, menurunkan prostaglandin yang mengekalkan mukus, rembesan bikarbonat dan aliran darah dalam lapisan perut.

Jawapan

D · Ia mengurangkan prostaglandin pelindung dalam lapisan perut
6.Farmakologi

Jawapan: D · Rebound hypertension from abrupt clonidine withdrawal

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Clonidine is a central alpha-2 agonist. Stopping it suddenly lets sympathetic activity surge, causing rebound hypertension, so it is tapered gradually.

Jawapan

D · Rebound hypertension from abrupt clonidine withdrawal

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing