Kejururawatan Kesihatan Mental: pek ulang kaji kilat

Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 6 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.

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1Formula dan kaedah

Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Kaedah

  1. Tentukan sama ada terdapat risiko segera: bunuh diri, keganasan, kecemasan akibat ubat atau penyakit fizikal.
  2. Bertindak untuk keselamatan dahulu: perhatikan, alihkan alat yang boleh digunakan, redakan ketegangan, hentikan ubat yang berbahaya, dapatkan bantuan.
  3. Pilih respons terapeutik: akui perasaan, kemukakan realiti, elakkan jaminan palsu dan soalan “mengapa”.
  4. Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.

2Soalan latihan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana

What is the key difference between factitious disorder and malingering?

  1. AMalingering is a severe mental disorder, while factitious disorder is not classed as a mental disorder at all
  2. BIn factitious disorder, the aim is to be seen as ill; in malingering, the aim is an external reward
  3. CIn factitious disorder, the symptoms are not produced on purpose at all
  4. DThere is no real difference between them, and both terms mean exactly the same thing
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar

An 8-year-old with separation anxiety disorder has missed two weeks of school. What is the most helpful approach?

  1. ATell him that he is being silly and must go
  2. BSupport a gradual, planned return to school with a consistent goodbye routine
  3. CLet a parent stay with him in class every day for the rest of the year
  4. DAllow him to stay at home until he wants to go back
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana

Seseorang mengalami gejala yang menyusahkan bermula dua minggu selepas kemalangan kereta yang serius dan telah berlangsung sepuluh hari. Diagnosis manakah yang paling sesuai?

  1. AGangguan tekanan akut
  2. BGangguan penyesuaian
  3. CGangguan tekanan pasca trauma
  4. DGangguan kebimbangan umum
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar

Kadar keselarasan (concordance) bagi skizofrenia lebih tinggi pada kembar seiras berbanding kembar tak seiras. Apakah yang dicadangkan oleh ini?

  1. APersekitaran tidak berperanan
  2. BKembar lebih berkemungkinan salah didiagnosis oleh doktor berbanding adik-beradik lain
  3. CGen menyumbang kepada risiko, tetapi persekitaran juga penting
  4. DSkizofrenia disebabkan sepenuhnya oleh gen
5.FarmakologiSederhana

Why is hypovolaemia corrected with IV fluids before or while starting a vasopressor?

  1. AVasopressors only work when they are diluted in large fluid volumes
  2. BFluids stop the vasopressor causing a fever
  3. CVasopressors cause the patient to retain too much fluid
  4. DVasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled
6.FarmakologiSukar

Why are antipsychotics used with great caution in older people with dementia?

  1. AThey always cure the dementia and stop all behaviour problems
  2. BThey are not absorbed in people over 65
  3. CThey are linked to a higher risk of stroke and death
  4. DThey cause severe hypoglycaemia in older people

3Larutan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: B · In factitious disorder, the aim is to be seen as ill; in malingering, the aim is an external reward

Mengapa ini jawapannya

In both, symptoms are produced or exaggerated on purpose. In factitious disorder the motivation is internal, the sick role; in malingering it is external, such as money, drugs or avoiding duties.

Jawapan

B · In factitious disorder, the aim is to be seen as ill; in malingering, the aim is an external reward
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: B · Support a gradual, planned return to school with a consistent goodbye routine

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Long-term avoidance strengthens anxiety. A gradual, planned return, short and predictable goodbyes, praise for brave behaviour and cooperation between parents and school, often with CBT, help the child cope.

Jawapan

B · Support a gradual, planned return to school with a consistent goodbye routine
3.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: A · Gangguan tekanan akut

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Gangguan tekanan akut meliputi gejala trauma yang berlangsung dari tiga hari hingga sebulan selepas peristiwa. Jika gejala berterusan melebihi sebulan, PTSD mungkin didiagnosis.

Jawapan

A · Gangguan tekanan akut
4.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: C · Gen menyumbang kepada risiko, tetapi persekitaran juga penting

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Keselarasan MZ yang lebih tinggi daripada DZ menunjukkan sumbangan genetik, manakala keselarasan yang jauh di bawah 100% bermakna faktor persekitaran juga penting.

Jawapan

C · Gen menyumbang kepada risiko, tetapi persekitaran juga penting
5.Farmakologi

Jawapan: D · Vasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Vasoconstriction without adequate volume reduces organ blood flow and can cause ischaemia. Fluid resuscitation restores preload, and vasopressors are then used for persistent hypotension.

Jawapan

D · Vasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled
6.Farmakologi

Jawapan: C · They are linked to a higher risk of stroke and death

Mengapa ini jawapannya

In older people with dementia, antipsychotics increase the risk of stroke and death. Non-drug approaches are tried first, and antipsychotics are used at low doses for short periods if needed.

Jawapan

C · They are linked to a higher risk of stroke and death

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing