Kejururawatan Kesihatan Mental: pek ulang kaji kilat

Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 6 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.

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1Formula dan kaedah

Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Kaedah

  1. Tentukan sama ada terdapat risiko segera: bunuh diri, keganasan, kecemasan akibat ubat atau penyakit fizikal.
  2. Bertindak untuk keselamatan dahulu: perhatikan, alihkan alat yang boleh digunakan, redakan ketegangan, hentikan ubat yang berbahaya, dapatkan bantuan.
  3. Pilih respons terapeutik: akui perasaan, kemukakan realiti, elakkan jaminan palsu dan soalan “mengapa”.
  4. Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.

2Soalan latihan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana

In family systems theory, what is meant by the "identified patient"?

  1. AThe family member who has the most serious physical illness
  2. BThe patient whose identity has been checked against a wristband before treatment
  3. CThe member whose symptoms are seen as the family's problem
  4. DThe family member who pays for the treatment
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar

A patient who is detained under mental health legislation refuses his prescribed oral antipsychotic. What is the correct general principle?

  1. ATreatment without consent is lawful only under the conditions and procedures set by the law
  2. BThe nurse may hide the medicine in his food without any further process
  3. CThe refusal must always be accepted, even if the law allows treatment without consent
  4. DDetained patients have no right to refuse any treatment at all
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana

Perencat pengambilan semula serotonin terpilih (SSRI) meningkatkan serotonin dalam sinaps dengan:

  1. AMenyekat pengambilan semula serotonin ke dalam neuron prasinaps
  2. BMemusnahkan reseptor serotonin
  3. CMenyekat pembebasan dopamin
  4. DMempercepat pemecahan serotonin oleh enzim monoamina oksidase
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar

Mengapakah DSM-5 menggantikan "penyalahgunaan bahan" dan "kebergantungan bahan" dengan satu "gangguan penggunaan bahan"?

  1. APenyalahgunaan diklasifikasikan semula sebagai gangguan personaliti, manakala kebergantungan menjadi keadaan perubatan semata-mata
  2. BWHO mengharamkan istilah itu
  3. CKedua-dua kategori didapati mencerminkan satu dimensi yang lebih baik diterangkan oleh tahap keterukan
  4. DKebergantungan didapati tidak wujud
5.FarmakologiSederhana

How should oral potassium chloride tablets be taken?

  1. AOn an empty stomach with only a small sip of water, then lie down
  2. BWith food and plenty of water, swallowed whole if slow-release
  3. CLying down straight after the dose
  4. DCrushed and dissolved under the tongue
6.FarmakologiSukar

Which statement correctly contrasts donepezil and memantine in Alzheimer's disease?

  1. ADonepezil inhibits cholinesterase; memantine blocks NMDA receptors
  2. BDonepezil blocks NMDA receptors; memantine inhibits acetylcholinesterase
  3. CBoth drugs remove amyloid plaques from the brain
  4. DBoth drugs are dopamine agonists that differ only in their half-lives

3Larutan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: C · The member whose symptoms are seen as the family's problem

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Family systems theory sees the family as a unit in which each member affects the others. The "identified patient" carries the symptoms, but the therapy looks at patterns in the whole family.

Jawapan

C · The member whose symptoms are seen as the family's problem
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: A · Treatment without consent is lawful only under the conditions and procedures set by the law

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Mental health laws allow some treatments for mental disorder without consent in defined circumstances, with safeguards such as second opinions and time limits. Staff must follow these procedures and record them, and should continue to seek the patient's agreement.

Jawapan

A · Treatment without consent is lawful only under the conditions and procedures set by the law
3.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: A · Menyekat pengambilan semula serotonin ke dalam neuron prasinaps

Mengapa ini jawapannya

SSRI menyekat pengangkut serotonin, jadi serotonin kekal lebih lama dalam celah sinaps. Kesan klinikal biasanya mengambil masa beberapa minggu.

Jawapan

A · Menyekat pengambilan semula serotonin ke dalam neuron prasinaps
4.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: C · Kedua-dua kategori didapati mencerminkan satu dimensi yang lebih baik diterangkan oleh tahap keterukan

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Penyelidikan mencadangkan bahawa kriteria penyalahgunaan dan kebergantungan membentuk satu kontinum. DSM-5 menggabungkannya menjadi satu gangguan yang dinilai mengikut bilangan kriteria yang dipenuhi.

Jawapan

C · Kedua-dua kategori didapati mencerminkan satu dimensi yang lebih baik diterangkan oleh tahap keterukan
5.Farmakologi

Jawapan: B · With food and plenty of water, swallowed whole if slow-release

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Oral potassium can cause nausea and, if a tablet lodges, ulceration of the oesophagus or gut. Taking it with food and plenty of water and staying upright reduces this; levels are monitored.

Jawapan

B · With food and plenty of water, swallowed whole if slow-release
6.Farmakologi

Jawapan: A · Donepezil inhibits cholinesterase; memantine blocks NMDA receptors

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Donepezil raises acetylcholine levels, while memantine reduces excitotoxic glutamate activity at NMDA receptors. Both give symptomatic benefit only.

Jawapan

A · Donepezil inhibits cholinesterase; memantine blocks NMDA receptors

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing