Kejururawatan Kesihatan Mental: pek ulang kaji kilat

Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 6 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.

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1Formula dan kaedah

Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Kaedah

  1. Tentukan sama ada terdapat risiko segera: bunuh diri, keganasan, kecemasan akibat ubat atau penyakit fizikal.
  2. Bertindak untuk keselamatan dahulu: perhatikan, alihkan alat yang boleh digunakan, redakan ketegangan, hentikan ubat yang berbahaya, dapatkan bantuan.
  3. Pilih respons terapeutik: akui perasaan, kemukakan realiti, elakkan jaminan palsu dan soalan “mengapa”.
  4. Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.

2Soalan latihan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana

A woman has new anxiety, weight loss, a tremor, heat intolerance and a fast heart rate. Which test is most important before diagnosing an anxiety disorder?

  1. AThyroid function tests
  2. BAn MRI of the knee
  3. CSerum lithium level
  4. DUrine drug screen only
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar

A patient taking naltrexone for alcohol dependence is brought to the emergency department with a broken leg. Why should the nurse tell the team about the naltrexone?

  1. AIt is not relevant, because naltrexone only affects the way the body responds to alcohol
  2. BNaltrexone causes broken bones to heal more slowly
  3. CNaltrexone makes opioids much stronger, so smaller doses must be used
  4. DNaltrexone blocks opioid analgesics, so pain relief needs to be planned differently
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana

Dalam model dua faktor fobia (Mowrer), bagaimanakah fobia dikekalkan?

  1. APenghindaran mengurangkan kebimbangan, yang mengukuhkan penghindaran secara negatif
  2. BKetakutan dipelajari dengan memerhati orang lain sahaja
  3. CPeneguhan positif ketakutan melalui ganjaran
  4. DHukuman terhadap tingkah laku menghampiri oleh orang lain, yang mengukuhkan ketakutan itu sendiri
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar

Seorang ahli terapi meminta klien menilai bukti yang menyokong dan menentang pemikiran "Saya sentiasa gagal". Teknik manakah ini?

  1. APenyahpekaan sistematik
  2. BEkonomi token
  3. CPenstrukturan semula kognitif
  4. DAsosiasi bebas
5.FarmakologiSederhana

Which approach is usually recommended to prevent constipation in a patient on regular opioids?

  1. ANo laxative until the patient has not opened the bowels for a week
  2. BA stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener
  3. CBulk-forming fibre alone, with fluid intake restricted
  4. DAn antidiarrhoeal drug at night to slow the gut
6.FarmakologiSukar

A patient on disulfiram becomes flushed, nauseated and has palpitations after using a mouthwash. What is the most likely cause?

  1. ADisulfiram toxicity from taking too many tablets by mistake
  2. BLow blood glucose from skipping breakfast
  3. CAn allergy to mint flavouring in the mouthwash
  4. DAlcohol in the mouthwash caused a disulfiram–alcohol reaction

3Larutan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: A · Thyroid function tests

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Hyperthyroidism can mimic anxiety with tremor, palpitations, weight loss and heat intolerance. Medical causes of psychiatric symptoms should always be considered.

Jawapan

A · Thyroid function tests
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: D · Naltrexone blocks opioid analgesics, so pain relief needs to be planned differently

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Naltrexone blocks opioid receptors, so usual opioid doses may not work, and attempts to overcome the block with high doses can be dangerous. The team needs to know so that analgesia can be planned safely.

Jawapan

D · Naltrexone blocks opioid analgesics, so pain relief needs to be planned differently
3.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: A · Penghindaran mengurangkan kebimbangan, yang mengukuhkan penghindaran secara negatif

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Ketakutan diperoleh melalui pelaziman klasik dan dikekalkan kerana mengelak objek yang ditakuti mengurangkan kebimbangan, lalu mengukuhkan penghindaran secara negatif.

Jawapan

A · Penghindaran mengurangkan kebimbangan, yang mengukuhkan penghindaran secara negatif
4.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: C · Penstrukturan semula kognitif

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Penstrukturan semula kognitif mengenal pasti pemikiran automatik, meneliti bukti dan menggantikan herotan seperti pengitlakan berlebihan dengan pemikiran yang seimbang.

Jawapan

C · Penstrukturan semula kognitif
5.Farmakologi

Jawapan: B · A stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Opioid-induced constipation does not usually resolve with time, so a laxative is started with the opioid. Stimulant laxatives counter reduced motility; bulk-forming laxatives alone can worsen symptoms if fluid intake is low.

Jawapan

B · A stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener
6.Farmakologi

Jawapan: D · Alcohol in the mouthwash caused a disulfiram–alcohol reaction

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Disulfiram reactions can occur with small amounts of alcohol in mouthwash, cough syrups, sauces or aftershave. Patients are taught to check labels and avoid all alcohol-containing products.

Jawapan

D · Alcohol in the mouthwash caused a disulfiram–alcohol reaction

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing