Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.
2Soalan latihan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana
How should the nurse position herself when talking to an agitated patient?
ABetween the patient and the wall, so the patient can leave easily
BAt a safe distance, slightly to the side, with a clear exit available
CBehind the patient and close to him, so that the patient does not feel threatened by eye contact
DDirectly face to face, as close as possible, to show confidence
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar
During a session, a patient asks the nurse, "Are you married? Do you have children?" Which response is most appropriate?
AEnd the session because personal questions are not allowed
BAnswer briefly or decline politely, then return the focus to the patient
CShare details about the nurse's family to build a friendship
DIgnore the question completely and stay silent until the patient changes the subject
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana
Model diatesis–tekanan mencadangkan bahawa gangguan mental timbul daripada:
AKerentanan asas yang digabungkan dengan tekanan persekitaran
BTekanan sahaja
CGen sahaja
DKeibubapaan yang buruk sahaja
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar
Seorang pelajar percaya "Jika saya tidak sempurna, saya tidak bernilai." Dalam model Beck, kepercayaan ini paling tepat dikelaskan sebagai:
AHalusinasi yang memerlukan antipsikotik
BMekanisme pertahanan yang dipanggil sublimasi, yang menyalurkan kesusahan ke dalam kerja yang dihargai masyarakat
CAndaian tidak berfungsi atau kepercayaan teras yang menjadikan seseorang rentan
DGejala negatif skizofrenia
5.FarmakologiSederhana
Which assessment is most important before giving a dose of IV morphine?
ABowel sounds and urine colour
BRespiratory rate and level of sedation
CPupil size and hearing
DBlood glucose and temperature, checked before each dose
6.FarmakologiSukar
A heparin infusion contains 25,000 units in 500 mL. The order is 1,000 units per hour. What rate should be set on the pump?
A20 mL/h
B50 mL/h
C10 mL/h
D25 mL/h
3Larutan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: B · At a safe distance, slightly to the side, with a clear exit available
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Standing at an angle and outside arm's reach is less confrontational and safer. The nurse makes sure neither she nor the patient is trapped, so both have an exit.
Jawapan
B · At a safe distance, slightly to the side, with a clear exit available
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: B · Answer briefly or decline politely, then return the focus to the patient
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Patients often ask personal questions out of curiosity or to make the relationship more equal. A brief answer or a polite refusal, followed by redirecting to the patient's concerns, maintains boundaries without rejecting the patient.
Jawapan
B · Answer briefly or decline politely, then return the focus to the patient
3.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: A · Kerentanan asas yang digabungkan dengan tekanan persekitaran
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Model ini berpendapat bahawa kecenderungan (biologi atau psikologi) membawa kepada gangguan hanya apabila dicetuskan oleh tekanan yang mencukupi.
Jawapan
A · Kerentanan asas yang digabungkan dengan tekanan persekitaran
4.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: C · Andaian tidak berfungsi atau kepercayaan teras yang menjadikan seseorang rentan
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Beck membezakan pemikiran automatik negatif di permukaan daripada skema yang lebih mendalam dan andaian bersyarat. Kepercayaan sedemikian kekal dorman sehingga diaktifkan oleh penekan yang sepadan, seperti kegagalan.
Jawapan
C · Andaian tidak berfungsi atau kepercayaan teras yang menjadikan seseorang rentan
5.Farmakologi
Jawapan: B · Respiratory rate and level of sedation
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Opioids can cause respiratory depression, which is usually preceded by increasing sedation. Both are checked before and after each dose.
Jawapan
B · Respiratory rate and level of sedation
6.Farmakologi
Jawapan: A · 20 mL/h
Mengapa ini jawapannya
25,000 units ÷ 500 mL = 50 units/mL, and 1,000 units/h ÷ 50 units/mL = 20 mL/h. Heparin is a high-alert drug, so the calculation and pump settings are independently double-checked.