Kejururawatan Kesihatan Mental: pek ulang kaji kilat

Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 6 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.

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1Formula dan kaedah

Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Kaedah

  1. Tentukan sama ada terdapat risiko segera: bunuh diri, keganasan, kecemasan akibat ubat atau penyakit fizikal.
  2. Bertindak untuk keselamatan dahulu: perhatikan, alihkan alat yang boleh digunakan, redakan ketegangan, hentikan ubat yang berbahaya, dapatkan bantuan.
  3. Pilih respons terapeutik: akui perasaan, kemukakan realiti, elakkan jaminan palsu dan soalan “mengapa”.
  4. Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.

2Soalan latihan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana

Which criteria are needed for a diagnosis of intellectual disability?

  1. AProblems with reading only, with normal everyday functioning
  2. BLimits in both intellectual and adaptive functioning, starting in childhood
  3. CMemory loss and confusion that start for the first time after the age of 65
  4. DAn IQ score alone, measured at any time in adult life
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar

A resident with Alzheimer's disease becomes very agitated and hits out when staff try to help him bathe. What is the best approach?

  1. AStop, try again later or in a different way, and explain each step calmly
  2. BSkip bathing for the rest of his stay
  3. CGet more staff to hold him so the bath can be finished quickly
  4. DAsk the doctor for a sedative to be given before every bath so that he stays calm and cooperative
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana

Model diatesis–tekanan mencadangkan bahawa gangguan mental timbul daripada:

  1. ATekanan sahaja
  2. BGen sahaja
  3. CKerentanan asas yang digabungkan dengan tekanan persekitaran
  4. DKeibubapaan yang buruk sahaja
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar

Komorbiditi bermaksud bahawa:

  1. ASatu gangguan berlaku dalam keluarga
  2. BSatu gangguan disebabkan oleh penyakit fizikal yang berlaku pada masa yang sama
  3. CSeseorang memenuhi kriteria bagi dua atau lebih gangguan pada masa yang sama
  4. DSatu gejala dikongsi oleh semua orang dalam kumpulan
5.FarmakologiSederhana

A nurse has a needlestick injury from a patient with HIV. When should post-exposure prophylaxis start?

  1. AOnly if the patient's viral load is above a set level
  2. BOnly after the nurse's HIV test turns positive
  3. CAfter one week, when the risk of infection is clearer
  4. DAs soon as possible, and within 72 hours at the latest
6.FarmakologiSukar

During an IV glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) infusion for chest pain, the patient's blood pressure drops to 82/50 mmHg and he feels faint. What is the nurse's first action?

  1. AIncrease the infusion rate to improve blood flow to the heart
  2. BSit the patient fully upright and give paracetamol for the headache
  3. CStop or reduce the infusion as per protocol, lay the patient flat and notify the prescriber
  4. DGive a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet and increase the rate to relieve the remaining chest pain

3Larutan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: B · Limits in both intellectual and adaptive functioning, starting in childhood

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Intellectual disability requires limitations in intellectual functions and in adaptive functioning, such as communication, self-care and social skills, starting in childhood. Severity is based mainly on adaptive functioning.

Jawapan

B · Limits in both intellectual and adaptive functioning, starting in childhood
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: A · Stop, try again later or in a different way, and explain each step calmly

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Bathing can feel frightening or undignified. Changing the timing, approach or method, for example a bed bath or shower, giving simple explanations and keeping him covered and warm often reduces distress without force.

Jawapan

A · Stop, try again later or in a different way, and explain each step calmly
3.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: C · Kerentanan asas yang digabungkan dengan tekanan persekitaran

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Model ini berpendapat bahawa kecenderungan (biologi atau psikologi) membawa kepada gangguan hanya apabila dicetuskan oleh tekanan yang mencukupi.

Jawapan

C · Kerentanan asas yang digabungkan dengan tekanan persekitaran
4.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: C · Seseorang memenuhi kriteria bagi dua atau lebih gangguan pada masa yang sama

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Komorbiditi ialah kewujudan serentak gangguan pada orang yang sama, yang merumitkan diagnosis dan rawatan serta menimbulkan persoalan tentang klasifikasi kategori.

Jawapan

C · Seseorang memenuhi kriteria bagi dua atau lebih gangguan pada masa yang sama
5.Farmakologi

Jawapan: D · As soon as possible, and within 72 hours at the latest

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Post-exposure prophylaxis aims to stop infection becoming established. It works best when started within hours, is not started after 72 hours, and is usually taken for 28 days.

Jawapan

D · As soon as possible, and within 72 hours at the latest
6.Farmakologi

Jawapan: C · Stop or reduce the infusion as per protocol, lay the patient flat and notify the prescriber

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Hypotension is a major adverse effect of nitrates due to venous and arterial dilation. The infusion is stopped or reduced, the patient is positioned flat to improve venous return, and the prescriber is informed.

Jawapan

C · Stop or reduce the infusion as per protocol, lay the patient flat and notify the prescriber

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing