Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.
2Soalan latihan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana
Which psychological treatment is most effective for obsessive-compulsive disorder?
APsychoanalysis focused on early childhood memories
BEncouraging the patient to perform the rituals more often
CHypnosis to remove the obsessive thoughts permanently in a single session
DExposure and response prevention, a form of CBT
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar
A 6-month-old has a spiral fracture of the arm. The parents say he "rolled off the sofa". The nurse also notices bruises of different colours on his back. What is the most appropriate action?
AReport the concerns through child protection procedures and ensure the child's safety
BAccept the parents' explanation, because babies often fall
CDischarge the child quickly so that the parents do not become angry and stop bringing him for medical care
DTell the parents that the nurse knows they are abusing the child
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana
Gangguan personaliti manakah yang dicirikan oleh corak meluas yang mengabaikan hak orang lain?
AGangguan personaliti mengelak
BGangguan personaliti ambang (borderline)
CGangguan personaliti antisosial
DGangguan personaliti bergantung
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar
Penemuan manakah yang paling menyokong peranan serotonin dan monoamina lain, bukan keadaan semata-mata, dalam kemurungan?
AUbat yang bertindak pada sistem monoamina mengurangkan gejala kemurungan lebih daripada plasebo dalam ujian rawak
BSemua orang yang mengalami kehilangan menjadi murung
CKemurungan tidak pernah berlaku dalam keluarga
DKadar kemurungan sama di semua negara, walaupun terdapat perbezaan besar dalam keadaan sosial dan ekonomi
5.FarmakologiSederhana
How should the nurse straighten the ear canal to give ear drops to a 2-year-old child?
APull the pinna down and back
BPull the pinna up and back
CPush the pinna forward and up
DLeave the ear untouched and drop into the canal
6.FarmakologiSukar
Morphine 4 mg IV is ordered. The ampoule contains 10 mg/mL. What volume should be drawn up?
A2.5 mL
B0.4 mL
C4 mL
D0.04 mL
3Larutan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: D · Exposure and response prevention, a form of CBT
Mengapa ini jawapannya
In exposure and response prevention, the patient is gradually exposed to the anxiety-provoking trigger and resists the compulsion. Anxiety falls over time without the ritual, weakening the cycle. SSRIs are the main medicines used.
Jawapan
D · Exposure and response prevention, a form of CBT
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: A · Report the concerns through child protection procedures and ensure the child's safety
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Injuries that do not fit the child's developmental stage or the history, and bruises of different ages, are warning signs of abuse. The nurse documents objectively and reports through safeguarding procedures.
Jawapan
A · Report the concerns through child protection procedures and ensure the child's safety
3.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: C · Gangguan personaliti antisosial
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Gangguan personaliti antisosial merangkumi penipuan, impulsif, pencerobohan dan kurang penyesalan, dengan bukti gangguan kelakuan semasa kanak-kanak.
Jawapan
C · Gangguan personaliti antisosial
4.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: A · Ubat yang bertindak pada sistem monoamina mengurangkan gejala kemurungan lebih daripada plasebo dalam ujian rawak
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Antidepresan yang menyasarkan monoamina mengatasi plasebo secara purata, walaupun dengan margin sederhana. Ini menyokong sumbangan biologi tetapi tidak menunjukkan bahawa serotonin rendah sahaja menyebabkan kemurungan.
Jawapan
A · Ubat yang bertindak pada sistem monoamina mengurangkan gejala kemurungan lebih daripada plasebo dalam ujian rawak
5.Farmakologi
Jawapan: A · Pull the pinna down and back
Mengapa ini jawapannya
In children under about 3 years, the pinna is pulled down and back; in adults it is pulled up and back. The child then lies with the treated ear up for a few minutes.
Jawapan
A · Pull the pinna down and back
6.Farmakologi
Jawapan: B · 0.4 mL
Mengapa ini jawapannya
4 mg ÷ 10 mg/mL = 0.4 mL. The unused remainder of a controlled drug is discarded with a witness.