Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.
2Soalan latihan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana
A patient at risk of suicide is admitted. Which environmental check is most important?
APlace the patient in a room at the end of the corridor for privacy
BRemove items that could be used for self-harm, such as belts, cords and sharp objects
CMake sure the patient has a television in the room
DLet the patient keep all his personal belongings, including his belt and phone charger, to help him feel at home
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar
A patient who had been abstinent from alcohol for 6 months has started drinking again. He says, "I've failed completely. There's no point in trying." What is the most helpful response?
A"Relapse is common in recovery. Let's look at what led to it and what you learned."
B"Yes, I'm afraid you've wasted all of your hard work over the last six months."
C"You'll have to start a completely new treatment from the beginning."
D"You obviously weren't serious about stopping."
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana
Dalam model dua faktor fobia (Mowrer), bagaimanakah fobia dikekalkan?
APeneguhan positif ketakutan melalui ganjaran
BHukuman terhadap tingkah laku menghampiri oleh orang lain, yang mengukuhkan ketakutan itu sendiri
CPenghindaran mengurangkan kebimbangan, yang mengukuhkan penghindaran secara negatif
DKetakutan dipelajari dengan memerhati orang lain sahaja
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar
Makan berlebihan seorang klien berlaku sekurang-kurangnya sekali seminggu selama tiga bulan, dengan hilang kawalan dan tekanan, tetapi tanpa muntah, julap atau senaman berlebihan. Diagnosis manakah yang sesuai?
ABulimia nervosa
BGangguan pengambilan makanan mengelak/terhad
CAnoreksia nervosa, jenis makan berlebihan-bersih
DGangguan makan berlebihan (binge-eating)
5.FarmakologiSederhana
Before starting a TNF-alpha inhibitor such as adalimumab, which test is required?
AScreening for latent tuberculosis
BAn echocardiogram in every patient
CA glucose tolerance test
DA bone density scan
6.FarmakologiSukar
Pelepasan sesuatu ubat jatuh separuh akibat kegagalan buah pinggang, manakala isi padu pengagihannya kekal sama. Apakah yang berlaku kepada separuh hayatnya?
AIa kekal sama
BIa menjadi separuh
CIa meningkat empat kali ganda
DIa berganda
3Larutan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: B · Remove items that could be used for self-harm, such as belts, cords and sharp objects
Mengapa ini jawapannya
A safe environment removes potential ligatures and sharp objects and limits access to medicines. Patients at high risk are usually placed where staff can observe them easily.
Jawapan
B · Remove items that could be used for self-harm, such as belts, cords and sharp objects
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: A · "Relapse is common in recovery. Let's look at what led to it and what you learned."
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Relapse is common and does not mean failure. Treating it as a learning opportunity, reviewing triggers and coping strategies and returning to the plan supports the person's motivation.
Jawapan
A · "Relapse is common in recovery. Let's look at what led to it and what you learned."
3.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: C · Penghindaran mengurangkan kebimbangan, yang mengukuhkan penghindaran secara negatif
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Ketakutan diperoleh melalui pelaziman klasik dan dikekalkan kerana mengelak objek yang ditakuti mengurangkan kebimbangan, lalu mengukuhkan penghindaran secara negatif.
Jawapan
C · Penghindaran mengurangkan kebimbangan, yang mengukuhkan penghindaran secara negatif
4.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: D · Gangguan makan berlebihan (binge-eating)
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Gangguan makan berlebihan melibatkan episod berulang dengan tekanan tetapi tanpa tingkah laku pampasan yang kerap. Bulimia memerlukan tingkah laku pampasan, dan anoreksia memerlukan berat badan yang sangat rendah.
Jawapan
D · Gangguan makan berlebihan (binge-eating)
5.Farmakologi
Jawapan: A · Screening for latent tuberculosis
Mengapa ini jawapannya
TNF inhibitors can reactivate latent TB, so patients are screened with a TB blood test or skin test and chest X-ray. Hepatitis B is usually checked as well.
Jawapan
A · Screening for latent tuberculosis
6.Farmakologi
Jawapan: D · Ia berganda
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Separuh hayat berkadar dengan Vd dan berkadar songsang dengan pelepasan. Mengurangkan pelepasan separuh menggandakan separuh hayat, maka ubat terkumpul dan mengambil masa lebih lama untuk mencapai keadaan mantap.