Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.
2Soalan latihan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana
What must a patient be told for consent to a new psychotropic medicine to be valid?
ANothing at all, because psychiatric patients cannot give consent
BOnly the benefits, so that the patient is not frightened by the side effects
CThe expected benefits, the main risks and the alternatives, including no treatment
DOnly the name of the medicine and the time of day it will be given
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar
An older woman living with her son looks thin and unkempt. She says her son "looks after the money" and she is often hungry. What should the nurse do?
AIgnore it, because family finances are a private matter
BAsk the son in front of her whether he is stealing her money
CTell her that she must move out of her son's home at once and stay with friends until the matter is sorted out
DTalk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana
Terapi kognitif berasaskan kesedaran penuh (MBCT) mempunyai bukti terbaik untuk:
AMenyembuhkan demensia
BMerawat masalah perhatian pada kanak-kanak kecil yang mengidap ADHD
CMencegah kambuh pada orang yang mengalami kemurungan berulang
DMerawat psikosis akut
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar
Seorang ahli terapi meminta klien menilai bukti yang menyokong dan menentang pemikiran "Saya sentiasa gagal". Teknik manakah ini?
APenyahpekaan sistematik
BAsosiasi bebas
CEkonomi token
DPenstrukturan semula kognitif
5.FarmakologiSederhana
Which statement about allopurinol is correct?
AIt lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack
BIt works within an hour to relieve joint pain
CIt is taken only during an acute attack and stopped as soon as the pain settles
DIt increases uric acid production to flush out crystals
6.FarmakologiSukar
A patient on methadone is also prescribed diazepam for anxiety. What is the main safety concern?
ADiazepam blocks the effect of methadone completely
BMethadone causes diazepam to be excreted very quickly
CSevere hypertension from the combination
DAdditive sedation and respiratory depression
3Larutan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: C · The expected benefits, the main risks and the alternatives, including no treatment
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Valid consent requires that the patient has capacity, has enough information about benefits, risks and alternatives, and decides voluntarily. A mental illness does not automatically remove capacity.
Jawapan
C · The expected benefits, the main risks and the alternatives, including no treatment
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: D · Talk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Signs of financial abuse and neglect require a private conversation, careful documentation and reporting through safeguarding procedures. Confrontation could increase the risk to her.
Jawapan
D · Talk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern
3.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: C · Mencegah kambuh pada orang yang mengalami kemurungan berulang
Mengapa ini jawapannya
MBCT menggabungkan amalan kesedaran penuh dengan terapi kognitif. Ujian menunjukkan ia mengurangkan kambuh pada orang yang pernah mengalami tiga atau lebih episod kemurungan.
Jawapan
C · Mencegah kambuh pada orang yang mengalami kemurungan berulang
4.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: D · Penstrukturan semula kognitif
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Penstrukturan semula kognitif mengenal pasti pemikiran automatik, meneliti bukti dan menggantikan herotan seperti pengitlakan berlebihan dengan pemikiran yang seimbang.
Jawapan
D · Penstrukturan semula kognitif
5.Farmakologi
Jawapan: A · It lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Allopurinol reduces urate production and is taken daily to prevent attacks. Acute attacks are treated with NSAIDs, colchicine or corticosteroids, and a new rash on allopurinol must be reported.
Jawapan
A · It lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack
6.Farmakologi
Jawapan: D · Additive sedation and respiratory depression
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Combining opioids with benzodiazepines greatly increases the risk of sedation, respiratory depression and death. If both are needed, the lowest doses are used and the patient is monitored closely.