Kejururawatan Kesihatan Mental: pek ulang kaji kilat

Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 6 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.

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1Formula dan kaedah

Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Kaedah

  1. Tentukan sama ada terdapat risiko segera: bunuh diri, keganasan, kecemasan akibat ubat atau penyakit fizikal.
  2. Bertindak untuk keselamatan dahulu: perhatikan, alihkan alat yang boleh digunakan, redakan ketegangan, hentikan ubat yang berbahaya, dapatkan bantuan.
  3. Pilih respons terapeutik: akui perasaan, kemukakan realiti, elakkan jaminan palsu dan soalan “mengapa”.
  4. Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.

2Soalan latihan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana

A 24-year-old woman with bipolar disorder is starting valproate. What is the most important teaching point?

  1. AIt is safe in pregnancy and needs no special precautions
  2. BIt must be taken with grapefruit juice to be absorbed
  3. CIt can seriously harm an unborn baby, so effective contraception and specialist advice are essential
  4. DIt will cause her to lose weight quickly, so she should eat extra meals and snacks every day
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar

On the fourth day after giving birth, a mother is tearful and moody but is caring for her baby, eating and sleeping when she can. What is the most appropriate nursing response?

  1. AArrange an emergency psychiatric admission today
  2. BTell her that antidepressants must be started at once
  3. CAdvise her to stop breastfeeding and let others feed the baby at night so that she can rest and recover
  4. DExplain that these "baby blues" are common, offer support and advise her to seek help if they last more than about 2 weeks
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana

Ciri manakah yang membezakan gangguan kebimbangan umum daripada gangguan panik?

  1. ASerangan ketakutan yang kuat secara tiba-tiba yang memuncak dalam beberapa minit
  2. BKetakutan terhadap satu objek tertentu, seperti labah-labah atau tempat tinggi
  3. CKebimbangan yang berterusan dan berlebihan tentang banyak perkara harian
  4. DRitual berulang
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar

Bukti manakah yang paling menyokong CBT sebagai rawatan untuk gangguan kebimbangan, dan bukan kesan plasebo?

  1. AUjian rawak menunjukkan CBT mengatasi keadaan kawalan perhatian-plasebo yang boleh dipercayai
  2. BCBT lebih murah daripada ubat
  3. CKlien berkata mereka menyukai ahli terapi mereka
  4. DCBT telah digunakan selama lebih daripada lima puluh tahun
5.FarmakologiSederhana

Which blood test is commonly used to monitor a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin?

  1. AActivated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
  2. BHaemoglobin A1c
  3. CSerum potassium
  4. DINR (international normalised ratio, prothrombin time)
6.FarmakologiSukar

Why are oral liquid medicines drawn up in dedicated oral or enteral syringes that do not fit IV connectors?

  1. ATo make the oral dose more accurate than a dose given through an IV syringe
  2. BBecause IV syringes cannot hold liquids
  3. CTo keep the medicine sterile for injection
  4. DTo prevent oral liquids being given intravenously by mistake

3Larutan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: C · It can seriously harm an unborn baby, so effective contraception and specialist advice are essential

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Valproate is highly teratogenic, causing neural tube defects and developmental problems. Women who could become pregnant need clear information, effective contraception and specialist review.

Jawapan

C · It can seriously harm an unborn baby, so effective contraception and specialist advice are essential
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: D · Explain that these "baby blues" are common, offer support and advise her to seek help if they last more than about 2 weeks

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Baby blues are common in the first days after birth and usually resolve within 2 weeks. Symptoms that last longer or are severe may indicate postpartum depression and need assessment.

Jawapan

D · Explain that these "baby blues" are common, offer support and advise her to seek help if they last more than about 2 weeks
3.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: C · Kebimbangan yang berterusan dan berlebihan tentang banyak perkara harian

Mengapa ini jawapannya

GAD melibatkan kebimbangan berterusan yang sukar dikawal tentang pelbagai topik sekurang-kurangnya enam bulan. Gangguan panik melibatkan serangan panik berulang yang tidak dijangka.

Jawapan

C · Kebimbangan yang berterusan dan berlebihan tentang banyak perkara harian
4.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: A · Ujian rawak menunjukkan CBT mengatasi keadaan kawalan perhatian-plasebo yang boleh dipercayai

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Menunjukkan keunggulan berbanding kawalan plasebo yang boleh dipercayai menyingkirkan faktor tidak khusus sebagai satu-satunya penjelasan. Banyak ujian dan meta-analisis melaporkan ini bagi CBT dalam gangguan kebimbangan.

Jawapan

A · Ujian rawak menunjukkan CBT mengatasi keadaan kawalan perhatian-plasebo yang boleh dipercayai
5.Farmakologi

Jawapan: A · Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Unfractionated heparin is often monitored with the aPTT, and the infusion rate is adjusted according to a protocol. Low-molecular-weight heparins usually do not need routine aPTT checks.

Jawapan

A · Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
6.Farmakologi

Jawapan: D · To prevent oral liquids being given intravenously by mistake

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Wrong-route errors, such as giving an oral liquid IV, can be fatal. Syringes with connectors that cannot fit IV lines make this error physically difficult.

Jawapan

D · To prevent oral liquids being given intravenously by mistake

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing