Kejururawatan Kesihatan Mental: pek ulang kaji kilat

Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 6 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.

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1Formula dan kaedah

Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Kaedah

  1. Tentukan sama ada terdapat risiko segera: bunuh diri, keganasan, kecemasan akibat ubat atau penyakit fizikal.
  2. Bertindak untuk keselamatan dahulu: perhatikan, alihkan alat yang boleh digunakan, redakan ketegangan, hentikan ubat yang berbahaya, dapatkan bantuan.
  3. Pilih respons terapeutik: akui perasaan, kemukakan realiti, elakkan jaminan palsu dan soalan “mengapa”.
  4. Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.

2Soalan latihan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana

Which communication approach is best for a patient with moderate dementia?

  1. AUse abstract language and long explanations so the patient feels respected
  2. BSpeak loudly and quickly so that the patient stays alert
  3. CAsk several questions together to save time
  4. DUse short, simple sentences and give one instruction at a time
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar

A patient with somatic symptom disorder calls the nurse many times each shift to report different aches. Which approach is most helpful?

  1. ATell her that her symptoms are all in her mind, so there is no need to assess them or treat them in any way
  2. BArrange regular, planned contacts, assess any new symptoms and focus conversations on feelings and coping
  3. CStop answering her calls, because the symptoms are imaginary
  4. DAsk the doctor to order new tests every time she reports a symptom
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana

Mekanisme pertahanan manakah yang ditunjukkan oleh seseorang yang marah kepada bosnya tetapi menjerit kepada pasangannya di rumah?

  1. ASublimasi
  2. BPengalihan (displacement)
  3. CUnjuran
  4. DPembentukan reaksi
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar

Seorang berumur 22 tahun mengalami halusinasi dan delusi selama dua bulan, selepas itu ia pulih sepenuhnya. Tiada episod mood berlaku. Diagnosis manakah yang paling sesuai?

  1. AGangguan psikotik singkat
  2. BGangguan skizoafektif
  3. CGangguan skizofreniform
  4. DSkizofrenia
5.FarmakologiSederhana

Why are benzodiazepines used with great caution in older people?

  1. AThey are not absorbed from the gut after age 65
  2. BThey raise the risk of confusion, falls and fractures
  3. CThey cause severe high blood pressure in older people
  4. DThey cause permanent hearing loss in older people
6.FarmakologiSukar

An older patient on amlodipine develops ankle swelling and is prescribed furosemide. She then becomes dizzy and falls. What does this sequence illustrate?

  1. AA type B allergic reaction
  2. BEnzyme induction
  3. CDrug tolerance
  4. DA prescribing cascade

3Larutan

1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: D · Use short, simple sentences and give one instruction at a time

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Simple, one-step instructions, calm tone, eye contact and enough time to respond support understanding. Questions with yes/no or limited choices are easier to answer than open, complex ones.

Jawapan

D · Use short, simple sentences and give one instruction at a time
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental

Jawapan: B · Arrange regular, planned contacts, assess any new symptoms and focus conversations on feelings and coping

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Scheduled contact reduces the need to report symptoms to get attention. New symptoms must still be assessed, because physical illness can occur, but the focus shifts towards stress, feelings and coping skills.

Jawapan

B · Arrange regular, planned contacts, assess any new symptoms and focus conversations on feelings and coping
3.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: B · Pengalihan (displacement)

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Pengalihan menggerakkan dorongan daripada sasaran yang mengancam kepada yang kurang mengancam. Unjuran menisbahkan perasaan tidak boleh diterima diri sendiri kepada orang lain.

Jawapan

B · Pengalihan (displacement)
4.Psikologi klinikal

Jawapan: C · Gangguan skizofreniform

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Gangguan skizofreniform mempunyai gejala skizofrenia tetapi berlangsung antara satu hingga enam bulan. Tempoh ialah ciri utama yang membezakannya daripada gangguan psikotik singkat dan skizofrenia.

Jawapan

C · Gangguan skizofreniform
5.Farmakologi

Jawapan: B · They raise the risk of confusion, falls and fractures

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Older people are more sensitive to benzodiazepines and often eliminate them more slowly. Sedation, unsteadiness and confusion raise the risk of falls and fractures.

Jawapan

B · They raise the risk of confusion, falls and fractures
6.Farmakologi

Jawapan: D · A prescribing cascade

Mengapa ini jawapannya

In a prescribing cascade, an adverse effect of one drug is mistaken for a new condition and treated with another drug, which brings new risks. Amlodipine oedema does not respond well to diuretics; reviewing the original drug is better.

Jawapan

D · A prescribing cascade

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing