Hormati hak: pilihan yang paling kurang menyekat, persetujuan dan kerahsiaan beserta hadnya.
2Soalan latihan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSederhana
Which communication approach is best for a patient with moderate dementia?
AUse short, simple sentences and give one instruction at a time
BAsk several questions together to save time
CSpeak loudly and quickly so that the patient stays alert
DUse abstract language and long explanations so the patient feels respected
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mentalSukar
A patient finds clothes in her wardrobe she does not remember buying, has gaps in her memory and is called by different names by people she does not know. Which condition is most likely?
ASchizophrenia
BBorderline personality disorder
CBipolar I disorder
DDissociative identity disorder
3.Psikologi klinikalSederhana
Perbezaan utama antara gangguan factitious dengan malingering ialah dalam malingering:
AGejala dipalsukan untuk ganjaran luar yang jelas seperti wang atau mengelak kerja
BOrang itu cuba mengambil peranan sebagai orang sakit itu sendiri, tanpa sebarang faedah luar yang jelas
CGejala dihasilkan secara tidak sedar tanpa sebarang niat
DOrang itu benar-benar menghidap penyakit fizikal
4.Psikologi klinikalSukar
Penyelidikan emosi terluah (expressed emotion) menunjukkan bahawa kambuh dalam skizofrenia lebih berkemungkinan apabila keluarga menunjukkan:
APerbualan kerap tentang cuaca
BSokongan yang mesra dan tenang
CKritikan tinggi, permusuhan dan penglibatan emosi yang berlebihan
DTahap hubungan yang rendah
5.FarmakologiSederhana
Which teaching about zolpidem is correct?
ATake it with alcohol to make it act faster
BTake it in the morning so that it is out of the system by night
CDrive soon after waking, as the drug has no next-day effect
DTake it right before bed, only if you can sleep a full night
6.FarmakologiSukar
A patient on methadone is also prescribed diazepam for anxiety. What is the main safety concern?
AAdditive sedation and respiratory depression
BDiazepam blocks the effect of methadone completely
CSevere hypertension from the combination
DMethadone causes diazepam to be excreted very quickly
3Larutan
1.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: A · Use short, simple sentences and give one instruction at a time
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Simple, one-step instructions, calm tone, eye contact and enough time to respond support understanding. Questions with yes/no or limited choices are easier to answer than open, complex ones.
Jawapan
A · Use short, simple sentences and give one instruction at a time
2.Kejururawatan kesihatan mental
Jawapan: D · Dissociative identity disorder
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Dissociative identity disorder involves two or more distinct personality states with recurrent gaps in memory. It is strongly linked to severe, repeated trauma in childhood. It is different from schizophrenia, which is a psychotic disorder.
Jawapan
D · Dissociative identity disorder
3.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: A · Gejala dipalsukan untuk ganjaran luar yang jelas seperti wang atau mengelak kerja
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Kedua-duanya melibatkan pemalsuan yang disengajakan. Dalam gangguan factitious motifnya ialah dilihat sebagai sakit tanpa ganjaran luar yang jelas; dalam malingering terdapat insentif luar yang jelas. Malingering bukan gangguan mental dalam DSM-5.
Jawapan
A · Gejala dipalsukan untuk ganjaran luar yang jelas seperti wang atau mengelak kerja
4.Psikologi klinikal
Jawapan: C · Kritikan tinggi, permusuhan dan penglibatan emosi yang berlebihan
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Emosi terluah yang tinggi meramalkan kadar kambuh yang lebih tinggi; intervensi keluarga yang mengurangkannya merendahkan kadar kambuh.
Jawapan
C · Kritikan tinggi, permusuhan dan penglibatan emosi yang berlebihan
5.Farmakologi
Jawapan: D · Take it right before bed, only if you can sleep a full night
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Zolpidem can cause next-day impairment and complex sleep behaviours such as sleep-walking or sleep-driving. Alcohol and other sedatives increase these risks.
Jawapan
D · Take it right before bed, only if you can sleep a full night
6.Farmakologi
Jawapan: A · Additive sedation and respiratory depression
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Combining opioids with benzodiazepines greatly increases the risk of sedation, respiratory depression and death. If both are needed, the lowest doses are used and the patient is monitored closely.