Soalan latihan gaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): pek ulang kaji kilat

Which approach suits teaching an older adult with poor eyesight and mild memory problems?

1. ATeaching only the family and not the patient
2. BA detailed leaflet in small print for them to read later at home
3. COne long session with all the information at once
4. DShort sessions, large-print materials and repeating key points

For a patient at risk of pressure ulcers, why is the head of the bed usually kept at 30 degrees or less if their condition allows?

1. ALower angles increase blood flow to the heels
2. BHigher angles make the patient slide down, causing shear over the sacrum
3. CHigher angles always cause breathing problems in patients who are bedbound
4. DLower angles stop the patient from getting out of bed

How does a nurse add a sterile gauze pack to a sterile field that is already set up?

1. AReach across the field with clean gloves to place the item
2. BPlace the whole wrapped pack on the field and open it there with sterile gloves
3. CTip the item onto the field and push it into place with the wrapper
4. DOpen the wrapper away from the field and drop the item on it without reaching over

A nurse teaches a patient who has had a splenectomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will get medical help quickly if I get a high temperature.”
2. B“I will keep my vaccinations up to date.”
3. C“Now that my spleen is out, a fever is nothing to worry about.”
4. D“I will tell all of my health care providers that I have no spleen.”

A patient has heart failure. Which instruction about daily weights is best to give the nursing assistant?

1. A“Weigh him after lunch, fully dressed, with his shoes on.”
2. B“Weigh him at any time today, on whichever scale is free.”
3. C“Only weigh him if his ankles look more swollen than they did yesterday afternoon.”
4. D“Weigh him each morning before breakfast, on the same scale, and tell me the result.”

A patient has a new spinal cord injury at C4. Which assessment is the priority?

1. ABowel sounds in all four abdominal quadrants
2. BSkin over the sacrum and heels
3. CAbility to feed themselves
4. DBreathing effort and ability to cough

A patient has lost more than 10% of their body weight without trying over the last few months and has a low BMI. What is the most appropriate action?

1. ARestrict fluids to encourage appetite and give a low-protein diet instead
2. BRefer to the dietitian and start a nutrition care plan with food charts
3. CWeigh the patient again in six months and review at that point
4. DEncourage a low-calorie diet

A potassium result of 6.9 mmol/L comes back on a well patient with a normal ECG, and the laboratory reports that the sample was haemolysed. What is the best action?

1. ARepeat the blood test promptly, as haemolysis can falsely raise potassium
2. BGive IV insulin and glucose straight away
3. CStart a potassium supplement
4. DIgnore the result because the patient looks well and the ECG is normal

Seorang pesakit mempunyai hematokrit 54%, BUN tinggi dan graviti tentu air kencing 1.034. Apakah yang dicadangkan oleh corak ini?

1. AKegagalan buah pinggang dengan air kencing cair
2. BDehidrasi dengan hemopemekatan
3. CLebihan cecair
4. DKehilangan darah akut dengan pencairan

An older adult has bone pain, fatigue and frequent infections. Results show anemia, a calcium of 12.4 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L), a raised total protein and a rising creatinine. Which condition should be suspected?

1. APrimary hypothyroidism
2. BIron-deficiency anemia
3. CAcute viral hepatitis
4. DMultiple myeloma

A patient with suspected sepsis has blood cultures ordered and a first antibiotic dose due. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the antibiotic first, then take blood cultures the next day
2. BTake the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic at once
3. CWait for the culture results before giving any antibiotic
4. DGive the antibiotic only if the temperature is above 40 °C (104 °F)

Seorang wanita warga emas yang mula mengambil SSRI dua minggu lalu kini keliru, dan natrium plasmanya rendah. Apakah mekanisme yang paling mungkin?

1. AKerosakan langsung pada kelenjar adrenal
2. BKehilangan natrium melalui cirit-birit teruk yang disebabkan oleh SSRI
3. CRembesan ADH tidak sesuai akibat SSRI yang menyebabkan pengekalan air
4. DPeningkatan rembesan aldosteron

A patient with chest pain has a first troponin result within the normal range one hour after the pain started. Why is a repeat test arranged?

1. ATroponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
2. BTroponin falls during an MI, so a lower value confirms it
3. CThe repeat test is only needed for patients over 80
4. DThe first sample is always contaminated

Pendekatan manakah untuk pengeluaran saluran dada yang lazim diajar?

1. AMengeluarkannya semasa menahan nafas atau semasa ekspirasi, kemudian menutup tapak
2. BMengeluarkannya dengan sedutan masih berjalan pada kuasa penuh
3. CMengeluarkannya perlahan-lahan semasa pesakit menyedut nafas panjang dan dalam
4. DMengeluarkannya dan membiarkan tapak terbuka untuk mengalir selama sehari

Seorang pesakit mengalami hemianopia homonim selepas strok. Bagaimanakah jururawat patut membantu pada mulanya?

1. AMenutup mata di sebelah yang terjejas dengan tampalan
2. BMeletakkan loceng panggilan dan minuman di sebelah yang tiada penglihatan, untuk melatihnya
3. CMemastikan bilik gelap untuk mengurangkan rangsangan visual
4. DMendekati dari sebelah yang boleh melihat dan mengajar memalingkan kepala untuk mengimbas

Two days after an ileal conduit was formed, the stoma is dark purple and dry. What should the nurse do?

1. AChange the bag and check again next week
2. BApply a warm compress to improve the colour of the stoma
3. CReport it urgently, because the stoma may be ischaemic
4. DRecord it as normal for a new stoma

Which is a recognised risk of long-term proton pump inhibitor use?

1. AHypercalcaemia
2. BHyperkalaemia
3. CHypomagnesaemia
4. DHypernatraemia

Kulit di sekeliling ileostomi pesakit merah, mentah dan mengeluarkan cecair, dan beg kerap bocor. Apakah punca yang paling mungkin?

1. AIskemia stoma, yang memerlukan pembedahan segera
2. BTindak balas normal yang tidak memerlukan perubahan penjagaan
3. CAlahan terhadap najis itu sendiri, yang memerlukan steroid
4. DOutput pada kulit, selalunya akibat perkakas yang tidak muat dengan baik

Set manakah yang menyenaraikan komponen profil biofizikal?

1. ASkor APGAR, gas tali pusat, berat lahir, panjang dan saiz kepala
2. BTinggi fundus, kedudukan janin, stesen, pendataran dan bukaan
3. CUjian tanpa tekanan, pernafasan janin, pergerakan janin, tonus janin dan isi padu cecair amnion
4. DCorak kadar denyutan jantung janin, tekanan darah ibu, glukosa darah, berat badan dan protein air kencing

Ten days after birth, a woman phones to say her bleeding has suddenly become heavy and bright red with clots, with lower abdominal pain and a temperature of 38.2 °C (100.8 °F). Which response is most appropriate?

1. AAsk her to come in now; retained tissue or infection is possible
2. BTell her it is probably her first period and needs no action
3. CAdvise her to use tampons so the blood loss is easier to measure
4. DReassure her that lochia rubra often returns and review at 6 weeks

Dapatan manakah yang mencadangkan koarktasio aorta?

1. ATekanan darah lebih tinggi di lengan berbanding kaki, dengan nadi femoral yang lemah
2. BTekanan darah yang sama pada semua anggota
3. CBatuk menyalak
4. DNadi femoral yang kuat dengan nadi lengan yang lemah dan tekanan darah yang lebih rendah di lengan

Which practice most reduces the risk of errors with high-alert medicines such as insulin or opioid infusions in children?

1. AAn independent double check by a second nurse before giving the medicine
2. BChecking the dose only when the drug is given for the first time
3. CRounding doses up to the nearest whole number to keep things simple
4. DAsking the child's parent to look at the syringe and confirm that the dose looks right

How may depression present differently in adolescents than in adults?

1. AAlways with psychotic symptoms
2. BWith irritability rather than obvious sadness
3. CWith increased energy and less need for sleep
4. DWith a high fever and a rash

Seorang pesakit skizofrenia menolak antipsikotiknya, dengan berkata ia membuatnya berasa perlahan. Apakah respons awal yang terbaik?

1. AMeneroka sebabnya dan kesan sampingan, dan memaklumkan pasukan supaya rawatan dapat disemak
2. BMemberitahunya dia akan dikekang dan disuntik jika dia tidak mengambil tablet melalui mulut
3. CMerekodkan "menolak" dan tidak pernah membincangkannya lagi
4. DMenyembunyikan ubat dalam makanannya

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Suhu seorang pesakit ialah 36.2 °C. Tukarkan kepada darjah Fahrenheit T dengan °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Semasa satu syif, seorang pesakit mengambil 2 tsp daripada sirap batuk, 1½ tbsp daripada suplemen cecair, 1 cawan daripada teh. Dengan menggunakan setara yang diberikan, cari jumlah pengambilan oral V dalam mL.

Seorang kanak-kanak seberat 32 kg dipreskripsikan 5 mg/kg ubat. Larutan stok mengandungi 25 mg/mL. Sedut dos itu: berapakah isi padu V yang anda berikan?

Anda perlu menyediakan 1000 mL larutan 5% (w/v) daripada larutan stok 50% (w/v). Berapa banyak air W yang mesti ditambah pada stok?

1000 mL diarahkan selama 8 jam. Selepas 5 jam anda mendapati 410 mL masih ada dalam beg, dan arahan itu mesti masih siap tepat pada masanya. Kepada kadar R dalam mL/j berapakah pam mesti ditetapkan semula?

Sebuah beg mengandungi 2 g ubat dalam 250 mL. Arahannya ialah 3 mg seminit. Pada kadar R berapakah anda menetapkan pam, dalam mL/j?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Rekod menunjukkan pengambilan dan pengeluaran seorang pesakit untuk satu syif 8 jam. Infusi IV berjalan pada kadar yang ditunjukkan sepanjang syif. Cari jumlah pengambilan I dalam mL.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Satu infusi 1000 mL bermula pada 12:00 dengan 125 mL/j. Selepas 4 jam kadar ditukar kepada 75 mL/j dan tidak ditukar lagi. Berapa jam t selepas permulaan beg akan kosong? Bundarkan kepada satu tempat perpuluhan.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Seorang pesakit latihan selepas kecederaan kepala membuka mata apabila dipanggil, menyebut perkataan rawak yang tidak sesuai dan menunjukkan respons motor terbaik: menggerakkan tangan ke tempat tekanan (melokalisasi). Tentukan GCS dan klasifikasikan kecederaan kepala mengikutnya. Klik jawapan anda.

1. 1ringan
2. 2sederhana
3. 3teruk

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan panduan klinikal). Gunakan carta NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk pemerhatian ini: kadar pernafasan 14/min, SpO₂ 99% bernafas udara bilik, tekanan darah 136/82 mmHg, nadi 48/min, sedar, suhu 38.4 °C. Kumpulan risiko klinikal yang manakah pesakit itu termasuk? Klik padanya.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sederhana
3. 3sederhana
4. 4tinggi