1.Pemberian keutamaan & delegasiSederhana
A patient’s urinary catheter has drained no urine for two hours, and the lower abdomen is swollen. What should the nurse do first?
- AGive a prescribed diuretic straight away
- BEncourage the patient to drink more water
- CCheck the tubing for kinks or obstruction
- DRemove the catheter and wait for the patient to void
2.Pemberian keutamaan & delegasiSukar
An adult choking on food is coughing forcefully and can speak a little. What should the nurse do?
- AGive the patient water to wash the food down
- BGive abdominal thrusts straight away until the food comes out
- CEncourage the patient to keep coughing and stay with them
- DSweep the mouth blindly with a finger
3.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSederhana
Which kitchen practice helps prevent scald burns in young children?
- ATurn pot handles toward the back of the stove
- BLeave hot drinks at the edge of the table
- CHold the child while drinking a hot drink
- DLet the child stand on a chair beside the stove
4.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar
A nurse sees a doctor about to insert a central line without a sterile gown, and a polite comment was ignored. Which TeamSTEPPS phrase helps to stop the procedure?
- A“Let’s talk about it after you have finished.”
- B“I will mention this to the manager at the next staff meeting.”
- C“I am concerned, I am uncomfortable, this is a safety issue.”
- D“I am sure you know what you are doing.”
5.Nilai makmal & elektrolitSederhana
A patient with chronic kidney disease has a magnesium of 3.8 mEq/L (1.9 mmol/L). Which product is the most likely cause?
- AMagnesium-containing laxatives or antacids
- BLoop diuretics such as furosemide
- CExcess alcohol use over many years
- DProton pump inhibitors taken long term
6.Nilai makmal & elektrolitSukar
An 82-year-old woman without a catheter has a urine culture growing bacteria, but no fever, urinary symptoms or change in mental state. What is the best interpretation?
- AAsymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics
- BContamination, so the culture must be repeated every week
- CPyelonephritis, which needs admission and IV fluids today
- DA urinary tract infection that needs urgent IV antibiotics
7.Kejururawatan klinikalSederhana
Which is a recognised risk factor for postoperative nausea and vomiting?
- ABeing a smoker
- BA short operation under local anaesthetic
- CUse of opioids after surgery
- DBeing male
8.Kejururawatan klinikalSukar
A patient has new facial weakness. Which feature suggests a stroke rather than Bell's palsy?
- AThe whole of one side of the face, including the forehead, is weak
- BThe forehead can still be wrinkled on the affected side
- CThe patient has pain behind the ear
- DThe patient has had a recent cold
9.Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratoriSederhana
Which ECG change is classically linked with hyperkalaemia?
- AA sawtooth baseline
- BTall, peaked T waves
- CDelta waves before the QRS
- DProminent U waves
10.Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratoriSukar
A patient with end-stage COPD has severe breathlessness at rest despite optimal treatment and wants comfort-focused care. Which measure is recognised to help?
- AStopping all medicines, including inhalers
- BHigh-flow oxygen at 15 L/min whatever the oxygen saturation is
- CA low-dose opioid with a hand-held fan and calm positioning
- DEncouraging long walks to build fitness
11.Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renalSederhana
Seorang pesakit strok memahami apa yang dikatakan tetapi sukar mencari perkataan dan bercakap dalam frasa pendek yang penuh usaha. Apakah jenis afasia ini?
- AAfasia ekspresif (Broca)
- BAfasia global tanpa kefahaman
- CAfasia reseptif (Wernicke)
- DDisartria akibat otot muka yang lemah
12.Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renalSukar
Seorang pesakit diabetes jenis 1 berpuasa sebelum pembedahan esok. Pelan manakah yang paling selamat?
- AMemberikan insulin hanya jika keton air kencing menjadi sangat positif semalaman
- BMeneruskan sedikit insulin (basal atau infusi IV kadar boleh ubah) dengan semakan glukosa
- CMenghentikan semua insulin sehingga pesakit makan dan minum seperti biasa semula
- DMemberikan insulin waktu makan yang biasa, walaupun tiada makanan akan dimakan
13.Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologiSederhana
Which is a recognised side effect of ondansetron?
- AHair loss
- BConstipation
- CSevere hypoglycaemia
- DHearing loss
14.Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologiSukar
On day 3 after surgery, a patient has a temperature of 38.6 °C, respiratory rate 24/min, pulse 118/min, BP 92/58 mmHg and new confusion. What should the nurse do?
- ARecord the observations and continue routine care
- BGive paracetamol and recheck in four hours
- CEscalate urgently and start the sepsis pathway
- DEncourage oral fluids and wait for the doctor's round