1.Pemberian keutamaan & delegasiSederhana
A nurse takes a telephone order from a provider. What must the nurse do?
- ARemember the order and write it in the chart at the end of the shift
- BCarry out the order first and ask the provider to confirm it later
- CWrite the order down and read it back to the provider to confirm it
- DAsk the ward clerk to take the order on the nurse’s behalf instead
2.Pemberian keutamaan & delegasiSukar
A patient in hypovolemic shock is receiving IV fluids. Which finding best shows that the treatment is working?
- ANew crackles at both lung bases
- BUrine output at least 0.5 mL/kg/h and clearer thinking
- CA heart rate that keeps rising after each bag of fluid
- DCooler, paler skin on the arms and legs
3.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSederhana
A nurse who never had BCG vaccine has a positive tuberculin skin test for the first time. The chest x-ray is clear and there are no symptoms. What does this most likely mean?
- ALatent TB infection, which is not contagious
- BA failed test that must be repeated next year
- CActive TB, which needs airborne isolation
- DImmunity to TB from a past exposure
4.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar
A nursing student describes how they remove PPE (gown, gloves and a mask worn for splash protection) at the doorway before leaving a contact precautions room. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
- A“I clean my hands as soon as all the PPE is off.”
- B“I roll the gown inward as I take it off.”
- C“I take off my mask first, and then I take off my gloves.”
- D“I remove my gloves without touching the outside with my bare hand.”
5.Nilai makmal & elektrolitSederhana
Apart from the lithium level, which tests are monitored regularly in long-term lithium therapy?
- ALiver enzymes and serum amylase
- BKidney function and thyroid function
- CINR and the platelet count
- DTroponin and creatine kinase (CK)
6.Nilai makmal & elektrolitSukar
Palung vankomisin seorang pesakit ialah 28 mcg/mL; sasaran yang ditetapkan pemreskripsi ialah 15–20 mcg/mL. Dos seterusnya perlu diberi sekarang. Apakah tindakan terbaik?
- ABeri dos dalam tempoh yang lebih singkat untuk mengurangkan pendedahan
- BTahan dos, maklumkan pemreskripsi dan periksa fungsi buah pinggang
- CBeri dos seperti dijadualkan dan semak semula paras palung dalam seminggu
- DBeri dos berganda untuk menamatkan kursus dengan lebih cepat
7.Kejururawatan klinikalSederhana
Which tool is commonly used at the bedside to screen for delirium?
- AThe Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
- BThe Braden scale
- CThe Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool
- DThe Glasgow-Blatchford score
8.Kejururawatan klinikalSukar
Tidak lama selepas pemindahan darah bermula, pesakit menjadi sesak nafas, berdehit dan hipotensi dengan muka bengkak. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?
- AHabiskan unit dengan cepat supaya masa pendedahan sesingkat mungkin
- BPerlahankan kadar pemindahan dan semak semula pemerhatian dalam sejam
- CBeri parasetamol dan antihistamin dan teruskan pemindahan
- DHentikan pemindahan darah, kekalkan akses IV dan panggil bantuan segera
9.Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratoriSederhana
Seorang pesakit hipertensi mengambil amlodipin. Kesan sampingan manakah yang paling berkemungkinan diperhatikan oleh jururawat?
- ABatuk kering yang menggelitik
- BMengi
- CBengkak buku lali
- DHiperkalemia
10.Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratoriSukar
After positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is increased on a ventilated patient, the blood pressure falls. What is the most likely reason?
- APEEP directly weakens the heart muscle and its contraction
- BHigher chest pressure reduces venous return to the heart
- CPEEP causes immediate blood loss from the alveolar capillaries
- DPEEP lowers the blood oxygen level
11.Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renalSederhana
Mengapakah kateterisasi sendiri berselang sering diajar selepas kecederaan saraf tunjang?
- AIa melatih pundi kencing untuk membesar secara beransur-ansur dari semasa ke semasa
- BIa menyingkirkan sepenuhnya semua risiko jangkitan saluran kencing
- CIa terutamanya digunakan untuk mengukur pengeluaran air kencing dengan tepat
- DPundi kencing mungkin tidak kosong, dan pengosongan secara tetap melindungi buah pinggang
12.Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renalSukar
A large pituitary tumour presses on the optic chiasm. Which visual field defect is most typical?
- ALoss of the inner half of the field in both eyes
- BComplete blindness in one eye only
- CLoss of the outer half of the field in both eyes
- DLoss of central vision in both eyes
13.Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologiSederhana
Which nursing care helps a new skin graft take?
- AKeeping the area still and avoiding shearing forces
- BEncouraging the patient to exercise the area straight away
- CRemoving the dressing every hour to look at it
- DMassaging the graft firmly several times a day
14.Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologiSukar
Seorang pesakit dengan lecuran 35% TBSA memasuki fasa hipermetabolik. Pelan pemakanan manakah yang paling sesuai?
- ABerpuasa selama dua minggu untuk merehatkan usus sepenuhnya
- BDiet rendah protein untuk melindungi buah pinggang daripada kerosakan
- CPemakanan enteral awal, tinggi tenaga dan protein
- DCecair jernih sahaja sehingga luka lecuran sembuh