1.Pemberian keutamaan & delegasiSederhana
Semasa triaj START di tempat kejadian korban beramai-ramai, seorang mangsa boleh berjalan ke kawasan yang ditetapkan apabila diminta. Kategori manakah yang diberikan kepada mangsa itu?
- AHijau (kecil)
- BMerah (segera)
- CHitam (dijangka maut)
- DKuning (ditangguhkan)
2.Pemberian keutamaan & delegasiSukar
A patient opens their eyes only to pain, uses inappropriate words and withdraws from pain. What is the Glasgow Coma Scale score?
- A9
- B11
- C7
- D13
3.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSederhana
Which type of white blood cell is most often raised in viral infections?
- ANeutrophils
- BEosinophils
- CBasophils
- DLymphocytes
4.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar
A 2-year-old living in a house built many decades ago has anemia, irritability and poor appetite. Which cause should the nurse suspect?
- AA food allergy to cow’s milk proteins
- BCarbon dioxide from a gas cooker
- CIron overload from eating too much red meat
- DLead poisoning from old paint dust or chips
5.Nilai makmal & elektrolitSederhana
On the first day after major surgery, a patient's white cell count is 12.5 × 10³/µL, with no fever or wound signs. What is the best interpretation?
- AA laboratory error, since surgery lowers white cells
- BDefinite wound infection that needs antibiotics now
- CA sign of leukemia that needs bone marrow testing
- DA common stress response to surgery that is monitored
6.Nilai makmal & elektrolitSukar
A patient's creatinine was 0.9 mg/dL (80 µmol/L) on admission and is 1.3 mg/dL (115 µmol/L) 36 hours later. Using the common KDIGO criteria, what does this show?
- ANo kidney injury, because the creatinine is still within the normal range
- BA laboratory error, because creatinine cannot change within 2 days
- CAcute kidney injury, because it rose by at least 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours
- DChronic kidney disease, because creatinine has risen above baseline
7.Kejururawatan klinikalSederhana
Modern wound care generally aims to keep a healing wound bed:
- AMoist but not wet
- BTightly packed with dry gauze
- CCompletely dry and open to the air
- DSoaked in antiseptic solution every day
8.Kejururawatan klinikalSukar
A nurse realises she has given a patient a medicine prescribed for another patient. What should she do first?
- ACheck the patient's condition and inform the doctor
- BAsk a colleague not to mention it
- CGive the patient's own medicine as well to balance it
- DWait to see whether any side effects develop
9.Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratoriSederhana
Seorang pesakit takikardia supraventrikular akan menerima adenosin IV. Apakah yang patut diberitahu oleh jururawat kepada pesakit?
- AMuka kemerahan atau dada terasa ketat seketika dan jeda selama beberapa saat
- BRasa mengantuk selama beberapa jam, pertuturan pelat dan kekeliruan selepas itu
- CSakit kepala yang berlarutan selama beberapa hari selepas itu
- DSakit terbakar di sepanjang vena lengan selama kira-kira seminggu
10.Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratoriSukar
A patient with pneumonia has a heart rate of 118/min, BP 86/50 mmHg, RR 28/min and a high lactate. Sepsis is recognised. Which action should not be delayed?
- ADelay fluids until a chest X-ray has been reported
- BWait for the sputum culture result before choosing an antibiotic
- CTake blood cultures and give IV antibiotics within the first hour
- DGive oral antibiotics and reassess the next day
11.Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renalSederhana
Pesakit yang mengambil fenitoin jangka panjang patut diajar tentang kesan sampingan yang mana?
- AKehilangan pendengaran yang beransur-ansur dan kekal
- BKeguguran rambut di kulit kepala pada hampir setiap pesakit
- CPertumbuhan gusi berlebihan, jadi kebersihan mulut yang baik penting
- DPenurunan berat badan dan tidak tahan panas
12.Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renalSukar
Three days after a stroke, a patient with dysphagia on a modified diet has a temperature of 38.2 °C (100.8 °F), a respiratory rate of 24/min and crackles at the right lung base. What should the nurse do?
- AGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and continue the modified diet as before
- BSuspect aspiration pneumonia, stop oral intake and escalate for review
- CEncourage more fluids by mouth to treat the fever
- DRecord the findings and recheck them at the next routine observation
13.Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologiSederhana
Patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors may develop immune-related side effects. Which symptom should they report promptly?
- ASlight hair thinning over months
- BNew diarrhoea or abdominal pain
- CA small bruise after a knock
- DMild tiredness after a busy day
14.Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologiSukar
A nurse teaches a patient with a new ileostomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
- A"I'll report if my output becomes very watery and high."
- B"I'll chew my food well to avoid blockages."
- C"I'll watch for dizziness and dark urine."
- D"I'll drink less so my bag fills more slowly."