1.Pemberian keutamaan & delegasiSederhana
Semasa triaj START di tempat kejadian korban beramai-ramai, seorang mangsa boleh berjalan ke kawasan yang ditetapkan apabila diminta. Kategori manakah yang diberikan kepada mangsa itu?
- AMerah (segera)
- BHijau (kecil)
- CKuning (ditangguhkan)
- DHitam (dijangka maut)
2.Pemberian keutamaan & delegasiSukar
A patient taking an MAO inhibitor antidepressant is taught about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
- A“I will check with the pharmacist before cold remedies.”
- B“I can still eat aged cheese and cured salami.”
- C“I will avoid tap beer and red wine.”
- D“A sudden severe headache is a warning sign.”
3.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSederhana
A patient walking with a gait belt suddenly starts to fall. What should the nurse do?
- AGrab the patient under both arms and try hard to keep them standing up
- BLet go of the belt and run to call for help
- CHold the belt, widen the stance and ease the patient gently to the floor
- DPull the patient backwards quickly toward the bed
4.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar
A patient on chemotherapy develops shingles over several areas on both sides of the body. Which precautions are needed?
- AContact precautions only, with gloves for dressing changes
- BAirborne and contact precautions until all lesions are crusted
- CStandard precautions only, with the lesions covered
- DDroplet precautions until the pain settles
5.Nilai makmal & elektrolitSederhana
When should a blood sample for a digoxin level be drawn to be interpreted correctly?
- AWithin 30 minutes after an oral dose to show the peak level
- BAt least 6–8 hours after a dose, often just before the next one
- COnly after a meal, because food is needed for absorption
- DAt any time, because digoxin levels do not change during the day
6.Nilai makmal & elektrolitSukar
Seorang pesakit hiponatremia kronik (natrium 118 mEq/L) sedang dirawat. Mengapakah natrium mesti dinaikkan secara perlahan?
- APembetulan pantas menyebabkan hipokalemia, yang merupakan satu-satunya risiko
- BPembetulan perlahan hanya diperlukan untuk mengurangkan kos hospital
- CIa boleh menyebabkan demielinasi osmotik, kecederaan otak yang serius
- DPembetulan pantas menyebabkan natrium jatuh semula dengan lebih rendah
7.Kejururawatan klinikalSederhana
In UK guidance, neutropenic sepsis is commonly defined by a temperature above 38 °C or signs of sepsis with a neutrophil count at or below:
- A15 × 109/L
- B5 × 109/L
- C0.5 × 109/L
- D150 × 109/L
8.Kejururawatan klinikalSukar
A patient with back pain develops numbness around the anus and genitals and new difficulty passing urine. Which condition should be suspected?
- AConstipation
- BKidney stones
- CCauda equina syndrome
- DSimple muscle strain
9.Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratoriSederhana
How should a patient breathe in when using a dry powder inhaler?
- AQuickly and deeply, after breathing out away from the device
- BSlowly and gently over about ten seconds
- CSeveral times, breathing out into the device between breaths
- DThrough the nose with the mouthpiece in the mouth
10.Perubatan-pembedahan: kardiovaskular & respiratoriSukar
A patient with a tracheostomy suddenly becomes distressed, and a suction catheter will not pass down the tube. What should the nurse do first?
- AGive a nebulised bronchodilator
- BRemove the inner cannula
- CInflate the cuff with more air
- DIncrease the oxygen and wait
11.Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renalSederhana
Why might a patient taking a beta-blocker not notice a hypoglycaemic episode?
- ABeta-blockers block the effect of all diabetes medicines
- BBeta-blockers can mask the tremor and racing heart of a hypo
- CBeta-blockers raise blood glucose, so hypos cannot happen
- DBeta-blockers make the patient sleep through every hypo
12.Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renalSukar
A large pituitary tumour presses on the optic chiasm. Which visual field defect is most typical?
- ALoss of the outer half of the field in both eyes
- BLoss of central vision in both eyes
- CComplete blindness in one eye only
- DLoss of the inner half of the field in both eyes
13.Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologiSederhana
A patient is starting regular oral morphine. Which bowel advice is most appropriate?
- AStart a regular laxative at the same time
- BTake a bulk-forming laxative only with very little water
- CStop eating fibre completely
- DWait until there has been no stool for a week
14.Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologiSukar
Seorang pesakit yang dipasang stent koronari dua bulan lalu, mengambil aspirin dan klopidogrel, hadir dengan melena dan kini stabil. Apakah pendekatan yang paling sesuai terhadap ubat antiplatelet?
- AMeneruskan kedua-dua ubat tanpa perubahan dan tidak menyebut pendarahan kepada pasukan
- BMenggandakan kedua-dua dos, kerana pendarahan bermakna stent berisiko lebih besar untuk berbekuan
- CMelaporkan pendarahan; pasukan memutuskan dengan input kardiologi, menimbang pendarahan berbanding trombosis stent
- DMenghentikan kedua-dua ubat secara kekal, kerana sebarang pendarahan bermakna ia tidak lagi selamat