Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 16 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.
At the start of the shift, the nurse counted the patient’s tablets: 30. At the end of the shift, there were 27. The patient takes one tablet three times a day, and all doses were given on time during the shift. What can you conclude?
“The forest fire was finally under control after three days. Firefighters praised the townspeople, who had cleared dry brush around their homes weeks earlier, for saving many houses.” Why did the firefighters praise the townspeople?
Sebuah bandar mempunyai 270 jururawat berdaftar tahun lepas dan 297 tahun ini. Berapakah peratus kenaikan p?
Gunakan tertib operasi untuk mencari nilai x: x = 6 × (17 − 5 × 2) − 2².
Manset rotator terdiri daripada supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor dan otot yang satu lagi iaitu?
Struktur manakah yang terdapat dalam mediastinum posterior?
Hormon manakah yang menyebabkan pundi hempedu mengecut selepas hidangan berlemak?
Seorang wanita muda mengalami kelemahan otot yang bertambah teruk dengan penggunaan berulang dan bertambah baik dengan perencat asetilkolinesterase. Apakah mekanisme yang paling mungkin?
What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
A diploid cell contains 10 units of DNA in G1. How many units are in each cell at the end of meiosis II?
How does ionisation energy (the energy needed to remove an outer electron) generally change from left to right across a period?
When water boils, what is overcome?
Choose the correct word: “___ turn is it to check the supplies?”
Which revision best corrects the shift from active to passive voice? “The nurse checked the chart, and then the medication was given by her.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse found a discrepancy in the end-of-shift opioid count.”
Which word is closest in meaning to debilitated?
Jawapan: C · The count matches three doses given during the shift.
30 − 27 = 3 tablets, which matches three doses given during the shift, so the count is correct.
Jawapan: D · Their earlier preparation helped protect houses.
Clearing dry brush removes fuel, so the townspeople’s earlier preparation helped save houses.
Jawapan: p = 10 %
Peratus bermaksud per seratus: p% daripada sesuatu nombor ialah (p/100) × nombor itu. Untuk mencari berapa peratus A daripada B, bahagikan A dengan B dan darabkan dengan 100. Perubahan peratusan membandingkan perubahan dengan nilai asal: perubahan peratusan = (baharu − asal)/asal × 100.
Jawapan: x = 38
Tertib operasi (PEMDAS/BODMAS): kerjakan yang berada dalam kurungan dahulu, kemudian eksponen (kuasa), kemudian pendaraban dan pembahagian dari kiri ke kanan, dan akhir sekali penambahan dan penolakan dari kiri ke kanan. Pendaraban tidak datang sebelum pembahagian, dan penambahan tidak datang sebelum penolakan: setiap pasangan dikerjakan mengikut urutan kemunculannya. Nombor negatif dalam kurungan mengekalkan tandanya apabila dikuasa duakan: (−3)² = 9, tetapi −3² = −9.
Dalam kurungan, darabkan 5 × 2 sebelum menolak.
Jawapan: A · Subskapularis
SITS: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor dan subskapularis. Teres major terletak berdekatan tetapi bukan sebahagian daripada manset itu.
Jawapan: A · Esofagus
Mediastinum posterior mengandungi esofagus, aorta menurun, vena azigos dan duktus toraks. Jantung dan aorta menaik berada dalam mediastinum tengah; timus berada dalam mediastinum superior dan anterior.
Jawapan: A · Kolesistokinin (CCK)
Lemak dan protein dalam duodenum membebaskan CCK, yang mengecutkan pundi hempedu dan merangsang rembesan enzim pankreas.
Jawapan: B · Antibodi terhadap reseptor asetilkolin pada simpang neuromuskular
Dalam miastenia gravis, autoantibodi mengurangkan bilangan reseptor asetilkolin yang berfungsi. Menyekat asetilkolinesterase meninggalkan lebih banyak ACh untuk mengikat reseptor yang tinggal.
Jawapan: A · It forms part of the ribosome and helps join amino acids
rRNA combines with proteins to form ribosomes and helps catalyse the peptide bonds between amino acids. mRNA carries the code, and tRNA brings the amino acids.
Jawapan: C · 5 units
After S phase the cell has 20 units. Meiosis I divides it into two cells of 10 units, and meiosis II into four cells of 5 units each, half the G1 amount, which matches the haploid state.
Jawapan: A · It increases
Across a period the nuclear charge rises while the shell stays the same, so electrons are held more tightly and are harder to remove. Ionisation energy therefore increases.
Jawapan: A · Hydrogen bonds between water molecules
Boiling is a physical change: molecules separate from each other, but each H₂O molecule stays intact. Only the intermolecular attractions (mainly hydrogen bonds) are overcome, not the covalent bonds within molecules.
Jawapan: A · Whose
“Whose” is the possessive form. “Who’s” means “who is” or “who has”, which makes no sense here.
Jawapan: A · The nurse checked the chart and then gave the medication.
A keeps both verbs in the active voice with “the nurse” as the subject. B and D still mix passive and active, and C stays passive in the second clause.
Jawapan: C · A mismatch
A discrepancy is a difference between things that should be the same.
Jawapan: D · Weakened
Debilitated means made weak and feeble, often by illness.
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