Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 16 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.
A medicine label reads: “Take one tablet twice daily with food. Do not drive or operate machinery if you feel drowsy. Avoid alcohol while taking this medicine.” What can you infer from the label?
The author writes: “Teenagers today spend too much time on their phones. My nephew is always texting at dinner.” What is the main weakness of this argument?
Bilangan permintaan loceng panggilan pada sebuah unit sepanjang 7 malam ialah 37, 37, 26, 17, 26, 3, 30. Berapakah median m?
Carta pai menunjukkan bagaimana 800 pekerja sebuah hospital dibahagikan antara jabatan A hingga C. Berapakah sudut θ sektor bagi jabatan C, dalam darjah?
Nadi manakah yang dirasa tepat di belakang malleolus medial buku lali?
Mengapakah objek asing yang disedut lebih kerap tersangkut dalam bronkus utama kanan berbanding kiri?
Tekanan arteri min adalah lebih kurang sama dengan:
Mengapakah orang dengan kekurangan laktase mengalami cirit-birit dan kembung selepas minum susu?
By which process does oxygen enter a cell and carbon dioxide leave it?
A man has Klinefelter syndrome (XXY). Which error most likely produced it?
Which element has chemical properties most similar to calcium?
At the top of a high mountain, air still contains about 21% oxygen. Why do climbers still get less oxygen with each breath?
Choose the correct word: “Yesterday she ___ the tray on the counter.”
Which sentence uses the passive voice in a way that hides who made the mistake?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse noted pallor of the patient’s face and lips.”
Which word is the opposite of supination?
Jawapan: D · The medicine may cause drowsiness.
The warning about driving if you feel drowsy suggests drowsiness is a possible side effect. The label says “with food”, “twice daily” and “avoid alcohol”.
Jawapan: C · It uses a single example to judge all teenagers.
One nephew’s behaviour is not enough evidence to judge “teenagers today” as a whole. This is a hasty generalisation.
Jawapan: m = 26
Min, median, mod dan julat: min (purata) ialah hasil tambah dibahagi dengan bilangan nilai. Median ialah nilai tengah apabila nilai disusun; dengan bilangan nilai genap ia ialah min bagi dua nilai tengah. Mod ialah nilai yang paling kerap muncul. Julat ialah nilai terbesar tolak nilai terkecil.
Jawapan: θ = 162 °
Membaca carta dan jadual: baca tajuk, kategori dan skala dahulu. Pada carta bar atau graf garis, ikuti puncak bar atau titik melintang ke paksi mencancang; setiap garis grid ialah satu langkah skala. Carta pai menunjukkan bahagian daripada keseluruhan: sektor p% mewakili p% daripada jumlah dan mempunyai sudut p% daripada 360°.
Jawapan: C · Arteri tibial posterior
Arteri tibial posterior melalui belakang malleolus medial ke dalam tapak kaki. Nadi dorsalis pedis dirasa di bahagian atas kaki.
Jawapan: C · Bronkus kanan lebih lebar, lebih pendek dan lebih menegak
Bronkus utama kanan lebih lebar, lebih pendek dan bersambung lebih lurus dengan trakea, jadi objek yang tersedut cenderung jatuh ke dalamnya.
Jawapan: C · Keluaran kardium × jumlah rintangan periferi
Tekanan = aliran × rintangan, maka MAP ≈ CO × TPR. Perubahan sama ada pada keluaran kardium atau rintangan vaskular mengubah tekanan darah.
Jawapan: B · Laktosa yang tidak dicernakan menarik air ke dalam usus dan ditapai oleh bakteria kolon
Laktosa yang tidak diserap bertindak secara osmosis, menarik air ke dalam lumen. Bakteria kolon menapainya, menghasilkan gas dan asid lemak rantai pendek.
Jawapan: A · Simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer
O₂ and CO₂ are small, nonpolar molecules that pass directly through the lipid bilayer from high to low concentration. No carrier protein and no energy are needed.
Jawapan: D · Nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes during meiosis in a parent
An extra whole chromosome usually comes from nondisjunction, when chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis. For example, an XY sperm fertilising an X egg, or an XX egg fertilised by a Y sperm, gives XXY.
Jawapan: B · Magnesium
Magnesium and calcium are both in group 2, so both have 2 valence electrons and form 2+ ions. Potassium and scandium are neighbours in the same period, which does not give similar chemistry.
Jawapan: C · The total air pressure is lower, so the partial pressure of oxygen is lower
The oxygen fraction stays near 21%, but the total pressure is lower, so the oxygen partial pressure (0.21 × total pressure) falls. Less O₂ diffuses into the blood, which can cause altitude sickness.
Jawapan: A · laid
“Lay” (to put) has the past tense “laid”. “Lay” is the past of “lie” (to recline), and “lied” means told a lie.
Jawapan: A · Mistakes were made in the report.
“Mistakes were made” is passive and does not say who made them. B and C are active and name the manager, and D is active with no passive verb.
Jawapan: B · Unusual paleness
Pallor is an unusual paleness of the skin, often seen with anaemia or shock.
Jawapan: C · Pronation
Supination turns the palm up and pronation turns it down.
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