Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 16 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.
Mount Everest grows about 4 millimetres taller every year. This happens because the Indian plate is slowly pushing against the Eurasian plate, forcing the land upward. What causes Mount Everest to grow?
The author writes: “Fluoride in drinking water has been linked to fewer cavities in many studies. However, the amount must be carefully controlled, because too much can stain children’s teeth.” Which statement would the author most likely agree with?
Sebuah resipi menggunakan 5 cawan tepung untuk 5 kelompok muffin. Pada kadar yang sama, berapa cawan tepung x diperlukan untuk 6 kelompok?
Sebuah resipi memerlukan 1 2/3 cawan oat. Anda membuat resipi itu 2/3 kali. Berapa banyak yang anda perlukan? Klik jawapan dalam bentuk termudah.
Bulatan Willis di dasar otak menghubungkan dua bekalan arteri yang manakah?
Mengapakah kutub proksimal skafoid berisiko mengalami nekrosis avaskular selepas patah di bahagian pinggang?
Mekanisme Frank–Starling menerangkan bahawa:
Pesakit dengan ketoasidosis diabetes bernafas dalam dan pantas. Corak apakah yang dijangka pada gas darah?
A person catches chickenpox once and does not usually become ill with it again. Why?
The antibiotic tetracycline binds to bacterial ribosomes. Which process does it block, and why are human cells much less affected?
Which element has the most metallic character?
Half-normal saline (0.45% NaCl) is compared with blood plasma, which has about the same concentration as 0.9% NaCl. How is 0.45% NaCl described, and what happens to red blood cells placed in it?
Which sentence handles the number at the start of the sentence correctly?
Choose the correct verb: “Either the manager or the employees ___ responsible for locking up.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The doctor will discontinue the drug if the rash spreads.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse saw exudate on the wound dressing.”
Jawapan: D · The movement of two plates pushing together
The passage says one tectonic plate pushes against another, forcing the land upward.
Jawapan: D · Fluoride is helpful in the right amount.
The author supports fluoride’s benefits but stresses careful control of the dose.
Jawapan: x = 6 cawan
Nisbah dan kadaran: nisbah a : b membandingkan dua kuantiti. Dalam kadaran dua nisbah adalah sama, a/b = c/d, dan anda menyelesaikannya dengan darab silang: a·d = b·c. Untuk berkongsi suatu jumlah dalam nisbah m : n, bahagikannya kepada m + n bahagian yang sama; satu bahagian ialah m bahagian, yang satu lagi n bahagian.
Jawapan: 1 1/9
Mendarab dan membahagi pecahan: mula-mula tukarkan nombor bercampur kepada pecahan tak wajar (2 1/3 = 7/3). Untuk mendarab, darabkan pengangka dan penyebut. Untuk membahagi, kekalkan pecahan pertama, tukar ÷ kepada ×, dan terbalikkan pecahan kedua (darab dengan salingannya). Batalkan faktor sepunya dan tulis hasilnya dalam bentuk termudah sebagai nombor bercampur.
Jawapan: B · Sistem karotid dalam dan vertebrobasilar
Bulatan Willis menghubungkan arteri karotid dalam dengan arteri basilar (dibentuk oleh arteri vertebra), membolehkan sedikit aliran kolateral.
Jawapan: D · Bekalan darahnya terutamanya masuk dari hujung distal
Cabang arteri radial memasuki skafoid terutamanya di bahagian distal dan mengalir ke belakang. Patah melalui bahagian pinggang boleh memutuskan bekalan kutub proksimal, menyebabkan nekrosis avaskular.
Jawapan: A · Isi padu strok meningkat apabila pengisian ventrikel bertambah
Isi padu akhir diastolik yang lebih besar meregangkan miokardium, yang meningkatkan daya pengecutan dan isi padu strok, menyepadankan keluaran dengan kembalian vena.
Jawapan: B · pH rendah, bikarbonat rendah dan PaCO₂ rendah
Keto-asid menggunakan bikarbonat, menyebabkan asidosis metabolik. Pernafasan Kussmaul menurunkan PaCO₂ sebagai pengimbangan respiratori.
Jawapan: D · Memory cells give a faster, stronger response the next time
After the first infection, memory B and T cells remain. On a second exposure they respond much faster and more strongly, so the virus is cleared before it causes illness.
Jawapan: B · Translation, because bacterial ribosomes differ from human ribosomes
Ribosomes carry out translation. Bacterial ribosomes (70S) are smaller and differ in structure from human cytoplasmic ribosomes (80S), so some antibiotics can target them selectively.
Jawapan: C · Caesium (Cs)
Metallic character (how easily an atom loses electrons) is greatest at the bottom left of the table. Caesium is in group 1, period 6, so it is the most metallic of these.
Jawapan: C · Hypotonic; water tends to move into the cells, which swell
0.45% NaCl has about half the solute concentration of plasma, so it is hypotonic. Water moves by osmosis toward the higher solute concentration, which is inside the cells, so they take in water and swell.
Jawapan: A · Twenty patients were seen today.
A number that begins a sentence is written out in words. No hyphen or comma joins the number to its noun.
Jawapan: B · are
With “either … or”, the verb agrees with the closer subject, “employees”, which is plural.
Jawapan: A · Stop
To discontinue is to stop doing or giving something.
Jawapan: C · Fluid that has leaked out of the tissues
Exudate is fluid that seeps out of blood vessels or tissues, often into a wound, during inflammation.
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