Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 16 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.
“Many people believe bulls are angered by the colour red. In fact, bulls cannot see red well. They react to the movement of the cape, not its colour.” What is the purpose of the passage?
A medicine label reads: “Take 1 capsule every 8 hours. Do not take with milk or antacids. Finish the full course even if you feel better.” A patient feels well after 3 days of a 7-day course. What should the patient do?
Graf garis menunjukkan bilangan orang di bilik menunggu setiap 2 jam, dari jam 0 hingga jam 10. Berapa banyak Δ nilai berubah dari jam 2 ke jam 10? Gunakan nombor negatif untuk penurunan.
Sebuah silinder mempunyai jejari 4 m dan tinggi 4 m. Dengan π ≈ 3.14, cari isi padunya V.
Kepala femur bersendi dengan struktur yang manakah?
Seorang pesakit mempunyai kelopak mata terkulai, anak mata melebar dan mata yang berehat "ke bawah dan ke luar". Saraf manakah yang paling mungkin rosak?
Reseptor manakah yang bertindak balas terutamanya terhadap penurunan paras oksigen arteri?
Gas darah arteri pesakit menunjukkan pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 7.8 kPa (59 mmHg) dan bikarbonat normal. Apakah gangguan yang paling mungkin?
A solution of pH 4 is compared with a solution of pH 6. How many times more hydrogen ions does the pH 4 solution have?
A child's DNA profile has bands A, B, C and D. The mother has bands A and C. Man 1 has bands B and D, man 2 has A and E, and man 3 has C and F. Which man could be the biological father?
2 mol glukosa dilarutkan dalam air untuk membuat 4 liter larutan. Berapakah kemolarannya?
Magnesium burns as 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO. What mass of MgO (40 g/mol) forms from 48 g of Mg (24 g/mol)?
Choose the correct word: “The patient recovered ___ after surgery.”
Which revision makes it clear that the nurse, not the boy, was smiling? “The nurse gave a sticker to the boy with a smile.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse will palpate the abdomen.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Prophylactic antibiotics were given before surgery.”
Jawapan: B · To correct a common belief
The passage states a popular belief and then corrects it with facts, so its purpose is to correct a misconception.
Jawapan: A · Keep taking the capsules until the course is finished.
The label says to finish the full course even if you feel better, so the patient should continue every 8 hours until day 7.
Jawapan: Δ = −10
Membaca carta dan jadual: baca tajuk, kategori dan skala dahulu. Pada carta bar atau graf garis, ikuti puncak bar atau titik melintang ke paksi mencancang; setiap garis grid ialah satu langkah skala. Carta pai menunjukkan bahagian daripada keseluruhan: sektor p% mewakili p% daripada jumlah dan mempunyai sudut p% daripada 360°.
Jawapan: V = 201 m³
Perimeter, luas dan isi padu: perimeter ialah jarak mengelilingi sesuatu bentuk (segi empat tepat: 2l + 2w). Luas diukur dalam unit persegi: segi empat tepat l × w, segi tiga ½ × tapak × tinggi, bulatan π·r². Lilitan bulatan ialah π·d = 2π·r. Isi padu dalam unit padu: kuboid l × w × h, silinder π·r²·h. Gunakan nilai π yang diberikan oleh soalan.
Jawapan: C · Asetabulum
Asetabulum ialah lesung berbentuk cawan pada tulang pinggul, dibentuk oleh ilium, iskium dan pubis. Rongga glenoid ialah lesung bahu.
Jawapan: C · Saraf okulomotor (III)
Saraf okulomotor membekalkan kebanyakan otot mata, levator palpebrae dan otot penyempit anak mata. Lesi menyebabkan rektus lateral dan oblik superior tidak ditentang, jadi mata ke bawah dan ke luar.
Jawapan: A · Kemoreseptor periferi dalam badan karotid dan aorta
Badan karotid dan aorta mengesan PaO₂ rendah (dan juga CO₂ dan H⁺ tinggi). Kemoreseptor pusat bertindak balas kepada CO₂ tetapi tidak terus kepada oksigen.
Jawapan: C · Asidosis respiratori akut
pH rendah dengan CO₂ tinggi menunjukkan asidosis respiratori. Bikarbonat belum meningkat, maka buah pinggang belum mengimbangi: ia akut.
Jawapan: A · 100 times
The pH scale is logarithmic. A difference of 2 pH units means 10 × 10 = 100 times more hydrogen ions in the more acidic solution.
Jawapan: C · Man 1
Bands A and C can come from the mother, so B and D must come from the father. Only man 1 has both B and D. Real tests use many more DNA regions than this simple example.
Jawapan: A · 0.5 M
M = 2 mol ÷ 4 L = 0.5 mol/L. Mendarab dan bukan membahagi memberikan 8 M.
Jawapan: D · 80 g
48 ÷ 24 = 2 mol Mg, and the ratio Mg : MgO is 2 : 2, so 2 mol MgO form. 2 × 40 = 80 g. The extra 32 g is oxygen from the air.
Jawapan: B · quickly
“Recovered” is an action verb, so it is modified by the adverb “quickly”.
Jawapan: B · With a smile, the nurse gave a sticker to the boy.
Placing “With a smile” next to “the nurse” shows who was smiling. C suggests the sticker had a smile, and D still describes the boy.
Jawapan: C · Examine by touch
To palpate is to feel with the hands during a physical examination. Listening is auscultation.
Jawapan: B · Given to prevent disease
Prophylactic means preventive; prophylactic antibiotics lower the risk of infection after surgery.
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