Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 16 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.
Jordan studied every evening for two weeks and made flashcards of the hardest terms. On the day of the exam, he walked out of the room smiling. What can you infer about Jordan?
“By 1900, cities were growing fast. Factories drew workers from farms, and crowded housing led to the spread of disease.” Which cause-and-effect chain does the passage describe?
Sebuah bulatan mempunyai diameter 6 m. Dengan π ≈ 3.14, cari lilitannya C.
Semalaman suhu turun sebanyak 45 °F. Berapa darjah Celsius Δ ia turun?
Struktur manakah yang menghubungkan telinga tengah dengan nasofaring?
Apabila pesakit berdiri pada kaki kanan sahaja, sebelah kiri pelvis jatuh (tanda Trendelenburg positif). Saraf manakah yang paling mungkin rosak?
Hormon manakah yang dibebaskan oleh korteks adrenal sebagai tindak balas kepada ACTH?
Embolus pulmonari menyekat aliran darah ke kawasan paru-paru yang diventilasi dengan baik. Bagaimanakah nisbah ventilasi–perfusi (V/Q) kawasan itu berubah?
Why does each type of virus infect only certain kinds of cells?
In an onion root tip, 90 of 100 cells are in interphase and 10 are in mitosis. If the whole cell cycle takes 20 hours, about how long does mitosis last?
A reaction is at equilibrium. More of one reactant is added. According to Le Chatelier's principle, what happens?
Mengapakah garam yang ditabur di atas jalan raya berais membantu ais mencair?
Choose the correct form: “She ___ work nights, but now she works days.”
A student is writing a brochure for patients with no medical training. Which sentence is most appropriate?
What does the suffix -megaly mean, as in “hepatomegaly”?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient was taught to recognise the precursors of a migraine.”
Jawapan: C · He felt that the exam went well.
His careful preparation and his smile suggest he felt confident about how he did. The other choices contradict the passage.
Jawapan: A · Factories brought workers, crowding followed, disease spread.
Factories attracted workers to cities, which caused crowded housing, which in turn helped disease spread.
Jawapan: C = 18.84 m
Perimeter, luas dan isi padu: perimeter ialah jarak mengelilingi sesuatu bentuk (segi empat tepat: 2l + 2w). Luas diukur dalam unit persegi: segi empat tepat l × w, segi tiga ½ × tapak × tinggi, bulatan π·r². Lilitan bulatan ialah π·d = 2π·r. Isi padu dalam unit padu: kuboid l × w × h, silinder π·r²·h. Gunakan nilai π yang diberikan oleh soalan.
Jawapan: Δ = 25 °C
Skala suhu: °F = °C × 9/5 + 32 dan °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Perubahan suhu ditukar tanpa 32, kerana 32 hanya menganjak titik sifar: perubahan 1 °C ialah perubahan 1.8 °F.
Jawapan: C · Tiub auditori (Eustachius)
Tiub auditori menyamakan tekanan udara pada kedua-dua belah gegendang telinga. Pada kanak-kanak ia lebih pendek dan lebih mendatar, yang memudahkan jangkitan telinga tengah.
Jawapan: D · Saraf glutea superior kanan
Saraf glutea superior membekalkan gluteus medius dan minimus. Jika otot kaki yang berdiri (kanan) lemah, pelvis melorot di sebelah bertentangan yang tidak disokong.
Jawapan: B · Kortisol
ACTH daripada pituitari anterior merangsang pembebasan kortisol daripada zona fasikulata. Adrenalin datang daripada medula adrenal.
Jawapan: A · Ia menjadi sangat tinggi, bertindak sebagai ruang mati
Ventilasi tanpa perfusi memberikan nisbah V/Q yang sangat tinggi (ruang mati). Pirau, seperti dalam pneumonia, adalah sebaliknya: perfusi tanpa ventilasi.
Jawapan: C · It must attach to specific receptor proteins on the cell surface
Viral surface proteins bind to particular receptor molecules on host cells. Only cells with the right receptors can be infected; for example, HIV binds the CD4 protein on helper T cells.
Jawapan: A · 2 hours
10% of the cells are in mitosis, so mitosis takes about 10% of the cycle: 0.10 × 20 h = 2 hours. Interphase takes about 18 hours.
Jawapan: D · The equilibrium shifts toward the products
Le Chatelier's principle: a system at equilibrium shifts to oppose a change. Adding reactant is opposed by making more product.
Jawapan: A · Garam terlarut merendahkan takat beku air
Zarah terlarut merendahkan takat beku (penurunan takat beku), jadi air masin kekal cecair di bawah 0 °C.
Jawapan: D · used to
“Used to” + base verb describes a past habit or state that is no longer true. The d is often not heard in speech but must be written.
Jawapan: D · Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries.
A uses plain, accurate language suited to a general audience. B and D use technical jargon, and C is too casual and inaccurate.
Jawapan: A · Enlargement
-megaly means abnormal enlargement: hepatomegaly is an enlarged liver.
Jawapan: D · Warning signs that come before it
A precursor is something that comes before and signals what follows.
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