Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 16 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.
Some people think that a cold is caused by being out in cold weather. Colds are actually caused by viruses. People may catch more colds in winter because they spend more time indoors, close to others. According to the passage, why might colds be more common in winter?
“Kim read the email twice, set her phone down and stared out of the window. Then she picked up the phone again and began to type a long reply, deleting each sentence before she finished it.” What is Kim most likely feeling?
Berapa minit x dalam 0.5 hari?
Gunakan tertib operasi untuk mencari nilai x: x = −2² + 3 × 7.
Bahagian batang otak manakah yang mengandungi pusat kardiovaskular dan pernafasan utama?
Mengapakah pundi hempedu yang meradang dan merengsakan diafragma boleh menyebabkan sakit di hujung bahu kanan?
Keluaran kardium sama dengan kadar jantung didarab dengan:
Gas darah arteri pesakit menunjukkan pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 7.8 kPa (59 mmHg) dan bikarbonat normal. Apakah gangguan yang paling mungkin?
There are 64 possible codons but only about 20 amino acids. What does this tell you about the genetic code?
Mengapakah badan menyimpan tenaga jangka panjang sebagai lemak dan bukan sebagai glikogen?
Pernyataan manakah menghuraikan proses endotermik?
A solution has a hydroxide ion concentration of 1 × 10⁻³ mol/L. What is its pH at 25 °C?
Which sentence is written in the first person?
In the title The Art of Nursing, why is “of” not capitalised?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The child had an abscess on her arm.”
What does the term rhinoplasty mean?
Jawapan: A · People spend more time indoors near others.
The passage explains that people gather indoors in winter, which makes it easier for viruses to spread.
Jawapan: B · Unsure how to respond
Rereading, pausing and repeatedly deleting her reply suggest that she does not know what to say. Nothing suggests boredom or delight.
Jawapan: x = 720 min
Penukaran unit: darabkan dengan faktor yang sama dengan 1, ditulis supaya unit lama terbatal: 3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in. Panjang metrik: 1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm, 1 cm = 10 mm. Unit adat AS: 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft, 1 mi = 5280 ft; 1 gal = 4 qt, 1 qt = 2 pt, 1 pt = 2 cawan; 1 ton = 2000 lb. Masa: 1 h = 60 min, 1 min = 60 s, 1 hari = 24 h, 1 minggu = 7 hari. Unit yang lebih kecil memberikan nombor yang lebih besar.
Jawapan: x = 17
Tertib operasi (PEMDAS/BODMAS): kerjakan yang berada dalam kurungan dahulu, kemudian eksponen (kuasa), kemudian pendaraban dan pembahagian dari kiri ke kanan, dan akhir sekali penambahan dan penolakan dari kiri ke kanan. Pendaraban tidak datang sebelum pembahagian, dan penambahan tidak datang sebelum penolakan: setiap pasangan dikerjakan mengikut urutan kemunculannya. Nombor negatif dalam kurungan mengekalkan tandanya apabila dikuasa duakan: (−3)² = 9, tetapi −3² = −9.
−2² bermaksud −(2²) = −4: eksponen datang sebelum tanda tolak.
Jawapan: C · Medula oblongata
Medula oblongata mengandungi pusat penting yang mengawal kadar denyutan jantung, tekanan darah dan irama pernafasan.
Jawapan: C · Saraf frenik berkongsi segmen spinal C3–C5 dengan kulit bahu
Rengsaan diafragma dibawa oleh saraf frenik (C3–C5). Otak merujuknya ke kulit yang dibekalkan oleh segmen yang sama, melalui saraf supraklavikular di atas bahu.
Jawapan: D · Isi padu strok
CO = HR × SV. Semasa rehat kira-kira 70 denyutan/min × 70 mL ≈ 5 L/min.
Jawapan: A · Asidosis respiratori akut
pH rendah dengan CO₂ tinggi menunjukkan asidosis respiratori. Bikarbonat belum meningkat, maka buah pinggang belum mengimbangi: ia akut.
Jawapan: D · Most amino acids are coded for by more than one codon
Because there are more codons than amino acids, most amino acids have several codons. This redundancy means some point mutations, especially in the third base, do not change the protein.
Jawapan: D · Lemak menyimpan lebih daripada dua kali ganda tenaga bagi setiap gram
Lipid memberikan kira-kira 9 kcal setiap gram, karbohidrat dan protein kira-kira 4 kcal setiap gram, jadi lemak ialah simpanan tenaga yang padat.
Jawapan: B · Ia menyerap haba, jadi persekitaran terasa lebih sejuk
Proses endotermik menyerap tenaga daripada persekitaran, seperti apabila ammonium nitrat larut dalam pek sejuk segera.
Jawapan: C · 11
pOH = −log(10⁻³) = 3, so pH = 14 − 3 = 11. Answering 3 confuses pOH with pH.
Jawapan: B · I checked the results twice.
First person uses I or we, second person you, third person he, she, it or they.
Jawapan: D · Short prepositions in the middle of a title are usually lowercase.
In title case, short articles, conjunctions and prepositions are lowercase unless they are the first or last word. Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are capitalised.
Jawapan: A · A collection of pus in the tissues
An abscess is a swollen, painful pocket of pus caused by infection.
Jawapan: A · Surgical repair or reshaping of the nose
Rhin/o (nose) + -plasty (surgical repair or reshaping). Rhinitis is inflammation of the nose.
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