Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 16 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.
“The patient said he felt ‘as weak as a kitten’ after his long illness.” What does the patient mean?
The author writes: “Since the hospital started a quiet hour from 2 to 3 p.m., patients report sleeping better. However, the survey asked only patients on one ward, during one week.” What does the second sentence do?
Gunakan tertib operasi untuk mencari nilai x: x = 4² − 3 × (10 − 1) + 18.
Dalam jualan diskaun 25%, sebuah stetoskop berharga $60. Berapakah harga asal x, dalam dolar?
Yang manakah antara organ ini bersifat retroperitoneal?
Di bahagian usus kecil manakah vitamin B12 dan garam hempedu terutamanya diserap?
Kapasiti vital ialah jumlah isi padu paru-paru yang mana?
Mengapakah kegagalan ventrikel kiri menyebabkan edema pulmonari?
Dolly the sheep was cloned by putting the nucleus of an adult body cell into an egg cell whose nucleus had been removed. Whose nuclear DNA did Dolly have?
Mengapakah badan menyimpan tenaga jangka panjang sebagai lemak dan bukan sebagai glikogen?
What is the name of the molecular compound CO?
A catalyst is added to an exothermic reaction. How does the energy diagram change?
Choose the correct word: “The patient recovered ___ after surgery.”
Which sentence uses “either … or” with correct parallel structure?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The artery was occluded by a clot.”
Which word means “absence of menstrual periods”?
Jawapan: D · He felt very weak.
The simile compares his strength to a kitten’s, which is very small, so he means he felt very weak.
Jawapan: D · It limits how far the result can be applied.
The second sentence notes that the evidence comes from one ward over one week, so the result may not apply generally.
Jawapan: x = 7
Tertib operasi (PEMDAS/BODMAS): kerjakan yang berada dalam kurungan dahulu, kemudian eksponen (kuasa), kemudian pendaraban dan pembahagian dari kiri ke kanan, dan akhir sekali penambahan dan penolakan dari kiri ke kanan. Pendaraban tidak datang sebelum pembahagian, dan penambahan tidak datang sebelum penolakan: setiap pasangan dikerjakan mengikut urutan kemunculannya. Nombor negatif dalam kurungan mengekalkan tandanya apabila dikuasa duakan: (−3)² = 9, tetapi −3² = −9.
4² bermaksud 4 × 4, bukan 4 × 2.
Jawapan: x = 80 $
Peratusan songsang: apabila sesuatu nilai telah dinaikkan atau dikurangkan dengan peratusan, nilai baharu ialah peratusan daripada nilai asal, bukan sebaliknya. Selepas diskaun 20% harga ialah 80% daripada harga asal, jadi harga asal = harga baharu ÷ 0.80. Jangan sekali-kali menambah semula 20% pada harga baharu.
Jawapan: A · Buah pinggang
Buah pinggang terletak di belakang peritoneum parietal. Perut, limpa dan kolon melintang bersifat intraperitoneal dan mempunyai mesenterium atau ligamen.
Jawapan: A · Ileum terminal
Ileum terminal menyerap vitamin B12 (terikat pada faktor intrinsik) dan menyerap semula garam hempedu. Duodenum terutamanya menyerap zat besi.
Jawapan: A · Isi padu tidal, isi padu rizab inspirasi dan isi padu rizab ekspirasi
Kapasiti vital = IRV + TV + ERV. Ia tidak termasuk isi padu baki, yang sentiasa kekal dalam paru-paru.
Jawapan: A · Tekanan atrium kiri yang meningkat menaikkan tekanan hidrostatik kapilari pulmonari
Ventrikel kiri yang gagal menyebabkan tekanan berkumpul balik ke atrium kiri dan vena pulmonari. Tekanan hidrostatik kapilari yang tinggi menolak cecair ke dalam interstisium paru-paru dan alveoli.
Jawapan: C · The sheep that gave the body cell nucleus
In this method, called somatic cell nuclear transfer, the clone gets its nuclear DNA from the donor of the body cell. Only the small amount of mitochondrial DNA came from the egg.
Jawapan: B · Lemak menyimpan lebih daripada dua kali ganda tenaga bagi setiap gram
Lipid memberikan kira-kira 9 kcal setiap gram, karbohidrat dan protein kira-kira 4 kcal setiap gram, jadi lemak ialah simpanan tenaga yang padat.
Jawapan: B · Carbon monoxide
For molecular compounds, prefixes give the number of atoms: CO has one oxygen, so it is carbon monoxide. "Mono-" is not used for the first element.
Jawapan: A · The peak is lower, but the energy of reactants and products stays the same
The catalyst lowers the activation energy (the peak), but the reactant and product energies are unchanged, so ΔH is the same. It speeds up the reaction without changing how much energy it releases.
Jawapan: C · quickly
“Recovered” is an action verb, so it is modified by the adverb “quickly”.
Jawapan: C · You can either call the clinic or send an email.
In A, both “call the clinic” and “send an email” are verb phrases. In the other choices, “either” and “or” are followed by different kinds of words.
Jawapan: B · Blocked
Occluded means closed off or obstructed.
Jawapan: D · Amenorrhoea
Amenorrhoea (US: amenorrhea) is absence of menstruation; dysmenorrhoea is painful periods, menorrhagia is heavy bleeding and metrorrhagia is bleeding between periods.
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