Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 16 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.
“After the hospital put hand sanitiser by every bed, staff used it far more often, and infection rates on the ward fell.” What can be reasonably concluded?
The author writes: “Hospitals should serve less sugary food. Some will say patients deserve treats, and that is fair. But a hospital should model the healthy habits it recommends.” How does the author handle the opposing view?
Resipi punch menghasilkan 0.5 gelen. Berapa cawan x itu?
Pada hari musim bunga, suhu luar naik sebanyak 26 °C. Berapa darjah Fahrenheit Δ ia naik?
Saraf kranial manakah yang mengawal pergerakan lidah?
Pada janin, duktus arteriosus menghubungkan trunkus pulmonari dengan aorta. Apakah ia menjadi selepas kelahiran?
Apakah yang diwakili oleh kompleks QRS pada ECG?
Pesakit telah mengambil prednisolon dos tinggi selama setahun. Apakah keadaan paksi hipotalamus–pituitari–adrenal?
In gel electrophoresis, why does DNA move towards the positive electrode?
A dihybrid cross gives offspring in a ratio of about 9 : 3 : 3 : 1. What does this suggest?
A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 5 days. A sample starts with 80 g. How much is left after 10 days?
J.J. Thomson's cathode ray experiments led to which discovery?
Choose the correct verb: “Neither the doctor nor the nurses ___ available.”
Which sentence uses the passive voice in a way that hides who made the mistake?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The preliminary results look promising.”
Which word is closest in meaning to alleviate?
Jawapan: B · Easier access may have improved hand hygiene.
Placing sanitiser close by led to more frequent use, and infections fell. It is reasonable to say easier access may have helped, but not that it is the only way.
Jawapan: C · Accepts part of it, then argues against it
The author grants that the opposing point has some merit (“that is fair”) but then argues that hospitals should model healthy habits.
Jawapan: x = 8 cawan
Penukaran unit: darabkan dengan faktor yang sama dengan 1, ditulis supaya unit lama terbatal: 3 ft × 12 in/1 ft = 36 in. Panjang metrik: 1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm, 1 cm = 10 mm. Unit adat AS: 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft, 1 mi = 5280 ft; 1 gal = 4 qt, 1 qt = 2 pt, 1 pt = 2 cawan; 1 ton = 2000 lb. Masa: 1 h = 60 min, 1 min = 60 s, 1 hari = 24 h, 1 minggu = 7 hari. Unit yang lebih kecil memberikan nombor yang lebih besar.
Jawapan: Δ = 46.8 °F
Skala suhu: °F = °C × 9/5 + 32 dan °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Perubahan suhu ditukar tanpa 32, kerana 32 hanya menganjak titik sifar: perubahan 1 °C ialah perubahan 1.8 °F.
Jawapan: D · Saraf hipoglosal (XII)
Saraf hipoglosal membekalkan otot intrinsik dan kebanyakan otot ekstrinsik lidah. Lesi menyebabkan lidah yang dijelirkan menyimpang ke arah sebelah yang terjejas.
Jawapan: A · Ligamentum arteriosum
Duktus arteriosus tertutup selepas kelahiran dan menjadi ligamentum arteriosum. Foramen ovale menjadi fossa ovalis dan duktus venosus menjadi ligamentum venosum.
Jawapan: C · Depolarisasi ventrikel
Gelombang P ialah depolarisasi atrium, kompleks QRS depolarisasi ventrikel dan gelombang T repolarisasi ventrikel. Repolarisasi atrium tersembunyi dalam QRS.
Jawapan: B · ACTH ditindas dan korteks adrenal telah mengecut (atrofi)
Glukokortikoid eksogen menindas CRH dan ACTH, maka korteks adrenal atrofi. Menghentikan ubat secara tiba-tiba boleh menyebabkan krisis adrenal, maka ia dikurangkan secara beransur-ansur.
Jawapan: C · DNA has a negative charge from its phosphate groups
The phosphate groups in the DNA backbone are negatively charged, so DNA moves towards the positive electrode. Small fragments move through the gel more easily than large ones.
Jawapan: B · Both parents are heterozygous for two genes that assort independently
AaBb × AaBb with unlinked genes gives 9 A_B_ : 3 A_bb : 3 aaB_ : 1 aabb. Linked genes or other parent genotypes give different ratios.
Jawapan: C · 20 g
10 days is 2 half-lives: 80 g → 40 g → 20 g. Each half-life halves the amount that is left, so the sample does not lose a fixed mass each time.
Jawapan: B · Atoms contain small, negatively charged particles
Cathode rays were deflected toward positive plates and were the same for every metal used, so Thomson concluded that all atoms contain negative particles, later called electrons. The nucleus and neutron were discovered later.
Jawapan: C · are
With “neither … nor” or “either … or”, the verb agrees with the nearer subject. “Nurses” is plural, so “are” is correct.
Jawapan: D · Mistakes were made in the report.
“Mistakes were made” is passive and does not say who made them. B and C are active and name the manager, and D is active with no passive verb.
Jawapan: B · Early and not final
Preliminary means coming before the main or final part.
Jawapan: B · Relieve
To alleviate is to make suffering or a problem less severe, which is to relieve it.
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