Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 16 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.
“Remember to take your medicine,” Mr. Okafor’s daughter called as she left. He nodded, but an hour later the pill was still on the kitchen table next to his untouched glass of water. What can you infer?
“Ten patients tried a new sleep app. Eight said they slept better. The app company now claims: ‘Proven to cure insomnia!’” Why is the claim not justified?
Hitung 1/3 ÷ 2 3/5. Klik jawapan dalam bentuk termudah.
Sebuah silinder mempunyai jejari 9 cm dan tinggi 13 cm. Dengan π ≈ 3.14, cari isi padunya V.
Dua kawasan manakah pada tulang belakang dewasa yang biasanya menunjukkan lordosis (lengkung cekung ke arah belakang)?
Apendisitis awal sering dirasakan sebagai sakit samar di sekitar umbilikus. Mengapa?
Menurut hukum Poiseuille, jika jejari arteriol menjadi separuh, rintangannya terhadap aliran:
Gabungan tanda manakah yang dijangka pada pesakit dalam syok hipovolemik awal selepas pendarahan besar?
What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
Which evidence supports the theory that mitochondria came from bacteria that lived inside an ancient cell?
Which substance is a non-electrolyte when dissolved in water?
Frying an egg turns the clear egg white solid and white. What happens to the proteins?
Which sentence contains a dangling modifier?
Which sentence uses “bored” and “boring” correctly?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “After the stroke, the patient was bedridden for weeks.”
Which word means “relating to the mother in the period after childbirth”?
Jawapan: B · Mr. Okafor forgot or chose not to take his medicine.
The pill and the untouched water are still on the table, so he has not taken it yet.
Jawapan: B · Ten self-reports without a comparison group prove little.
A tiny group, no control group and self-reported results cannot show that the app cures insomnia. “Proven” and “cure” overstate the evidence.
Jawapan: 5/39
Mendarab dan membahagi pecahan: mula-mula tukarkan nombor bercampur kepada pecahan tak wajar (2 1/3 = 7/3). Untuk mendarab, darabkan pengangka dan penyebut. Untuk membahagi, kekalkan pecahan pertama, tukar ÷ kepada ×, dan terbalikkan pecahan kedua (darab dengan salingannya). Batalkan faktor sepunya dan tulis hasilnya dalam bentuk termudah sebagai nombor bercampur.
Jawapan: V = 3306 cm³
Perimeter, luas dan isi padu: perimeter ialah jarak mengelilingi sesuatu bentuk (segi empat tepat: 2l + 2w). Luas diukur dalam unit persegi: segi empat tepat l × w, segi tiga ½ × tapak × tinggi, bulatan π·r². Lilitan bulatan ialah π·d = 2π·r. Isi padu dalam unit padu: kuboid l × w × h, silinder π·r²·h. Gunakan nilai π yang diberikan oleh soalan.
Jawapan: D · Serviks dan lumbar
Kawasan serviks dan lumbar bersifat lordotik (lengkung sekunder). Kawasan toraks dan sakral bersifat kifotik (lengkung primer).
Jawapan: A · Saraf viserinya memasuki saraf tunjang pada T10, seperti kulit umbilikus
Sakit viseral daripada struktur usus tengah dirujuk ke dermatom T10 di sekitar umbilikus. Apabila peritoneum parietal meradang, sakit tertumpu pada fossa iliaka kanan.
Jawapan: A · Meningkat kira-kira 16 kali ganda
Rintangan berkadar dengan 1/r⁴, maka mengurangkan jejari separuh menaikkan rintangan sebanyak 2⁴ = 16. Inilah sebabnya perubahan kecil pada garis pusat arteriol mengawal aliran darah dengan begitu kuat.
Jawapan: D · Takikardia, kulit sejuk dan pucat serta pengeluaran air kencing berkurang
Pengaktifan simpatetik yang didorong baroreseptor menaikkan kadar jantung dan menyempitkan saluran kulit. Perfusi buah pinggang yang berkurang, ADH dan aldosteron menurunkan pengeluaran air kencing.
Jawapan: A · It accepts electrons at the end of the transport chain
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor. It combines with electrons and hydrogen ions to form water. Without oxygen the chain stops, and the cell must rely on glycolysis and fermentation.
Jawapan: A · They have their own circular DNA, ribosomes and a double membrane
The endosymbiotic theory is supported by mitochondria having circular DNA, bacteria-like ribosomes, a double membrane and division by a process like binary fission. Chloroplasts show the same features.
Jawapan: A · Glucose
Glucose is a covalent molecule that dissolves without forming ions, so its solution does not conduct. NaCl, KCl and HCl all produce ions in water.
Jawapan: B · They are denatured: their shape changes, but the peptide bonds stay intact
Heat breaks the weak bonds (such as hydrogen bonds) that hold a protein's folded shape, so the chains unfold and tangle together. The covalent peptide bonds of the chain are not broken, so this is denaturation, not hydrolysis.
Jawapan: C · Walking into the room, the lights turned on.
In the first sentence the opening phrase seems to describe “the lights”, as if the lights were walking. The doer must follow the phrase.
Jawapan: C · The students were bored because the lecture was boring.
“Bored” describes the people who feel the emotion. “Boring” describes the thing that causes it, here the lecture.
Jawapan: A · Unable to leave bed
Bedridden means confined to bed because of illness or weakness.
Jawapan: D · Postpartum
Postpartum means after childbirth; antepartum is before and intrapartum is during labour, while neonatal refers to the newborn.
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