Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 16 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.
“Leaves change colour in autumn because the trees stop making chlorophyll, the green pigment. As the green fades, yellow and orange pigments that were there all along become visible.” Where do the yellow and orange colours come from?
“Luis looked at his watch, then at the long queue, then at his watch again. Finally, he sighed, stepped out of the line and walked to the self-service machine.” What most likely motivated Luis?
Graf garis menunjukkan suhu luar setiap 2 jam, dari jam 0 hingga jam 10. Berapakah min x̄ bagi enam bacaan itu?
Seorang jururawat penjagaan di rumah memandu 336 batu dalam 4 h 48 min. Berapakah purata laju v dalam batu sejam?
Arteri manakah yang paling kerap digunakan untuk merasa nadi di pergelangan tangan?
Mengapakah kutub proksimal skafoid berisiko mengalami nekrosis avaskular selepas patah di bahagian pinggang?
Protein manakah yang membentuk jaringan yang menstabilkan bekuan darah?
Seorang wanita muda mengalami kelemahan otot yang bertambah teruk dengan penggunaan berulang dan bertambah baik dengan perencat asetilkolinesterase. Apakah mekanisme yang paling mungkin?
Lactose (milk sugar) is a disaccharide. Which two monosaccharides is it made of?
The number of bacteria in a sample rises from 200 to 500. What is the percentage increase?
Atom magnesium kehilangan dua elektron. Apakah ion yang terbentuk?
Half-normal saline (0.45% NaCl) is compared with blood plasma, which has about the same concentration as 0.9% NaCl. How is 0.45% NaCl described, and what happens to red blood cells placed in it?
Which sentence is the clearest and most concise?
Which sentence uses a subordinating conjunction without creating a fragment?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The medicine is very potent, so the dose is small.”
Which word means “indigestion, or discomfort in the upper abdomen after eating”?
Jawapan: D · Pigments already present in the leaves
The yellow and orange pigments were in the leaves all along; they become visible when the green chlorophyll fades.
Jawapan: B · He was short of time.
Checking his watch repeatedly and leaving the long queue suggest he did not have time to wait.
Jawapan: x̄ = 3 °C
Membaca carta dan jadual: baca tajuk, kategori dan skala dahulu. Pada carta bar atau graf garis, ikuti puncak bar atau titik melintang ke paksi mencancang; setiap garis grid ialah satu langkah skala. Carta pai menunjukkan bahagian daripada keseluruhan: sektor p% mewakili p% daripada jumlah dan mempunyai sudut p% daripada 360°.
Jawapan: v = 70 mph
Kadar dan skala: laju = jarak ÷ masa, dengan masa dalam unit jawapan (2 h 15 min = 2.25 h, kerana 15 min = 15/60 h). Skala peta ialah kadaran: 1 cm pada peta mewakili jarak tetap di atas tanah, jadi darabkan jarak peta dengannya.
Jawapan: A · Arteri radial
Arteri radial terletak cetek di sebelah ibu jari pada pergelangan tangan, bersebelahan tulang radius, menjadikan nadi mudah dirasa.
Jawapan: A · Bekalan darahnya terutamanya masuk dari hujung distal
Cabang arteri radial memasuki skafoid terutamanya di bahagian distal dan mengalir ke belakang. Patah melalui bahagian pinggang boleh memutuskan bekalan kutub proksimal, menyebabkan nekrosis avaskular.
Jawapan: D · Fibrin
Trombin menukar fibrinogen larut menjadi untaian fibrin tidak larut, yang mengikat palam platelet dan memerangkap sel darah merah untuk membentuk bekuan stabil.
Jawapan: D · Antibodi terhadap reseptor asetilkolin pada simpang neuromuskular
Dalam miastenia gravis, autoantibodi mengurangkan bilangan reseptor asetilkolin yang berfungsi. Menyekat asetilkolinesterase meninggalkan lebih banyak ACh untuk mengikat reseptor yang tinggal.
Jawapan: C · Glucose and galactose
Lactose is made of glucose and galactose. People with lactose intolerance lack enough lactase, the enzyme that splits it, so the sugar is fermented by gut bacteria.
Jawapan: B · 150%
The increase is 500 − 200 = 300. Dividing by the original value: 300 ÷ 200 = 1.5, which is a 150% increase.
Jawapan: A · Mg²⁺
Kehilangan dua elektron meninggalkan dua proton lebih banyak daripada elektron, memberikan cas 2+. Logam kumpulan 2 membentuk ion 2+.
Jawapan: B · Hypotonic; water tends to move into the cells, which swell
0.45% NaCl has about half the solute concentration of plasma, so it is hypotonic. Water moves by osmosis toward the higher solute concentration, which is inside the cells, so they take in water and swell.
Jawapan: A · The meeting starts at noon.
Concise writing removes extra words. “About noon exactly” is also contradictory.
Jawapan: B · Although she was tired, she kept working.
The dependent clause is joined to the independent clause with a comma. B and C leave a fragment, and a semicolon cannot join a dependent clause to a main clause.
Jawapan: B · Powerful
Potent means strong and effective, so a small amount has a large effect.
Jawapan: D · Dyspepsia
Dyspepsia means indigestion; dysphagia is difficulty swallowing and dysphasia is a language disorder.
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