Chemia na egzaminy wstępne na pielęgniarstwo: karta pracy z odpowiedziami

Which positive ion is found in the highest concentration inside most body cells?

1. ACalcium (Ca²⁺)
2. BMagnesium (Mg²⁺)
3. CPotassium (K⁺)
4. DSodium (Na⁺)

What is osmosis?

1. AThe movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
2. BThe breaking of a solid into ions
3. CThe dissolving of a gas in a liquid
4. DThe movement of solute particles against a gradient using energy

What is the molar mass of oxygen gas, O₂ (O = 16 g/mol)?

1. A8 g/mol
2. B32 g/mol
3. C48 g/mol
4. D16 g/mol

A plastic block has a density of 0,8 g/cm³. What happens when it is placed in water (density 1,0 g/cm³)?

1. AIt sinks
2. BIt dissolves
3. CIt floats
4. DIt stays suspended halfway down

Which gas forms when hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate?

1. AOxygen
2. BCarbon dioxide
3. CChlorine
4. DHydrogen

How does dissolving salt in water affect the water's boiling point?

1. AIt raises the boiling point slightly
2. BIt lowers the boiling point slightly
3. CIt makes the water boil at room temperature
4. DIt has no effect on the boiling point

At the top of a high mountain, air still contains about 21% oxygen. Why do climbers still get less oxygen with each breath?

1. AThe total air pressure is lower, so the partial pressure of oxygen is lower
2. BThe percentage of oxygen in the air falls sharply as you climb higher
3. CCold air contains no oxygen
4. DOxygen is heavier, so it all sinks to sea level

Haemoglobin binds oxygen reversibly: Hb + O₂ ⇌ HbO₂. How does this equilibrium help deliver oxygen to tissues?

1. AHigh O₂ in tissues shifts it to the left, absorbing oxygen
2. BThe equilibrium does not change anywhere in the body
3. CLow O₂ in tissues shifts it to the right, releasing oxygen
4. DLow O₂ in tissues shifts it to the left, releasing oxygen