Приоритизация и делегирование в стиле NCLEX: шпаргалка-пакет

A patient with asthma has two inhalers: a corticosteroid and salbutamol (albuterol). Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will use my steroid inhaler every day, even when I feel well.”
2. B“I will carry my salbutamol inhaler with me.”
3. C“I will rinse my mouth after using the steroid inhaler.”
4. D“I will use my steroid inhaler when I have a sudden attack.”

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is about to start an IV insulin infusion. The serum potassium is 3,0 mEq/L. What should the nurse do?

1. AIgnore the result, since potassium is always high in this condition and will correct itself
2. BStart the insulin at once, because the glucose is the bigger problem
3. CGive the insulin as a fast bolus to bring the potassium up
4. DReport the result before starting, because insulin will push potassium even lower

An older adult has trouble getting in and out of the bath. Which measures make bathing safer?

1. AA shower chair, grab bars and a non-slip mat
2. BA loose rug beside the tub to stand on
3. CLocking the bathroom door for privacy
4. DBath oil to help the person slide in and out

During flu season, a nurse wakes up with fever, cough and muscle aches. What is the best action?

1. AGo to work but avoid caring for patients who have weak immune systems
2. BTake an antipyretic so the fever does not show at work
3. CGo to work but wear a surgical mask for the whole shift
4. DStay home and inform the employer according to the illness policy

A young adult with new diabetes has a very low C-peptide level. What does this suggest?

1. AThe kidneys are excreting all of the patient's insulin in urine
2. BThe patient has high insulin resistance, as in type 2 diabetes
3. CThe pancreas is making very little insulin, as in type 1 diabetes
4. DThe patient is injecting too much insulin and needs a lower dose

Which set of results best shows that diabetic ketoacidosis is resolving?

1. AA falling glucose with a falling serum bicarbonate
2. BA rising potassium with a falling bicarbonate
3. CA closing anion gap with a rising bicarbonate and pH
4. DA falling glucose with a still widening anion gap

Which is the correct technique for using a metered-dose inhaler without a spacer?

1. ABreathe in quickly through the nose while pressing the canister
2. BBreathe out, then breathe in slowly and deeply while pressing the canister, then hold
3. CPress the canister and wait one minute before breathing in
4. DPress the canister twice quickly, then breathe in fast and breathe straight out again

A severely hypothermic patient is in cardiac arrest. Why is resuscitation usually continued until they are rewarmed?

1. ACold patients cannot be defibrillated at all, so CPR is the only possible treatment
2. BThe cold protects the brain, so recovery may be possible after long resuscitation
3. CHypothermia always causes brain death quickly
4. DAdrenaline works better in cold patients

A patient on furosemide has a serum potassium of 3,0 mmol/L (3,0 mEq/L). Which symptoms may this cause?

1. ATingling around the lips and painful spasm of the hands
2. BSevere headache and a stiff neck
3. CMuscle weakness, cramps and an irregular pulse
4. DFacial flushing, fever and a skin rash

Minutes after an IV antibiotic is started, a patient has wheeze, swollen lips, a rash and BP 78/44 mmHg. The infusion has been stopped and help called. What is the next priority?

1. AGive intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine)
2. BRestart the infusion at a slower rate
3. CGive a nebulised salbutamol dose only
4. DGive an oral antihistamine tablet and observe for an hour

Какое утверждение о гиперосмолярном гипергликемическом состоянии (ГГС) верно?

1. AОно в основном поражает пожилых людей с диабетом 2 типа и развивается в течение дней
2. BОно встречается в основном у маленьких детей с диабетом 1 типа
3. CОно всегда вызывает высокие кетоны в крови и тяжёлый метаболический ацидоз
4. DОно развивается за минуты и менее опасно, чем ДКА

Why might a frail 88-year-old with type 2 diabetes have a less strict HbA1c target?

1. ABecause older people cannot use any glucose medicines
2. BTo reduce the risk of hypos, falls and confusion
3. CTo save money on blood tests and drugs
4. DBecause diabetes cannot damage older people

О какой растительной добавке часто спрашивают перед операцией, потому что она может усиливать кровотечение?

1. AГинкго билоба
2. BКлюква
3. CРомашка
4. DМасло перечной мяты

A nurse teaches a patient with GORD. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"Peppermint tea after dinner will settle my reflux."
2. B"I'll keep a diary of foods that trigger my symptoms."
3. C"I'll stop smoking because it makes reflux worse."
4. D"I'll try to lose some weight over the next months."