Химия для вступительных экзаменов на сестринские программы: лист заданий с ответами

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1.Лёгкая

According to the Arrhenius definition, what does a base produce in water?

  1. AChloride ions (Cl⁻)
  2. BCarbonate ions (CO₃²⁻)
  3. CHydrogen ions (H⁺)
  4. DHydroxide ions (OH⁻)
2.Лёгкая

What are the units of molarity?

  1. AMoles of solute per litre of solution (mol/L)
  2. BGrams of solute per litre of solution (g/L)
  3. CMoles of solute per kilogram of the solvent used
  4. DGrams of solute per 100 g of solution
3.Лёгкая

What is radioactivity?

  1. AThe release of radiation by unstable atomic nuclei
  2. BThe flow of electrons through a metal wire
  3. CThe release of heat and light when fuels burn in air
  4. DThe glow produced by any hot object
4.Средняя

In a reaction at equilibrium, a product is continuously removed. What happens?

  1. AMore product keeps forming as the equilibrium shifts to the right
  2. BThe reaction rate drops to zero
  3. CThe reactants run out immediately
  4. DThe equilibrium shifts to the left to form more reactants
5.Средняя

Vinegar contains acetic acid, CH₃COOH. Which functional group makes it an acid?

  1. AThe amino group, –NH₂
  2. BThe methyl group, –CH₃
  3. CThe hydroxyl group of an alcohol, –OH
  4. DThe carboxyl group, –COOH
6.Средняя

Why does oxygen move from the alveoli of the lungs into the blood?

  1. AThe partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than in the blood
  2. BOxygen is pumped actively into the blood
  3. COxygen is heavier than carbon dioxide
  4. DThe partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the blood than in the alveoli
7.Сложная

Diamond is extremely hard and has a very high melting point. Which explanation is correct?

  1. AEach carbon is covalently bonded to four others in a giant network
  2. BIt contains delocalised electrons like a metal
  3. CIt is held together by ionic bonds between C⁺ and C⁻ ions
  4. DIt is made of separate small molecules with strong forces between them
8.Сложная

J.J. Thomson's cathode ray experiments led to which discovery?

  1. AElectrons occupy fixed energy levels
  2. BThe nucleus contains uncharged neutrons
  3. CAtoms have a dense, positively charged nucleus
  4. DAtoms contain small, negatively charged particles

Ответы

  1. 1. D · Hydroxide ions (OH⁻)
  2. 2. A · Moles of solute per litre of solution (mol/L)
  3. 3. A · The release of radiation by unstable atomic nuclei
  4. 4. A · More product keeps forming as the equilibrium shifts to the right
  5. 5. D · The carboxyl group, –COOH
  6. 6. A · The partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than in the blood
  7. 7. A · Each carbon is covalently bonded to four others in a giant network
  8. 8. D · Atoms contain small, negatively charged particles

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