คลื่น P: มีคลื่น P ตั้งขึ้นในลีด II ก่อน QRS ทุกคลื่นและเหมือนกันหมดหรือไม่ มองหาคลื่นสั่นพริ้วหรือรูปฟันเลื่อย คลื่น P กลับหัว และคลื่น P ที่ไม่มี QRS
A patient with a peanut allergy is taught to use an adrenaline auto-injector. Which statement is correct?
AThere is no need to see a doctor if the swelling goes down
BKeep it at home so it is not lost
CCall emergency services after using it, even if symptoms improve
DUse it only if the antihistamine has not worked after an hour
8.เภสัชวิทยายาก
A patient on heparin for 7 days has a platelet count that has fallen by more than half, and a new leg vein thrombosis. What is the most likely cause and the key action?
ANormal dilution of platelets; continue and recheck in a week
BHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia; stop all heparin
CWarfarin skin necrosis; switch from heparin to warfarin at once
DVitamin K deficiency; give vitamin K and continue heparin
คำตอบ: C · Call emergency services after using it, even if symptoms improve
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
Anaphylaxis can recur after the adrenaline wears off (a biphasic reaction). The person always calls for help after using it, carries two auto-injectors and uses adrenaline early.
คำตอบ
C · Call emergency services after using it, even if symptoms improve
8.เภสัชวิทยา
คำตอบ: B · Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; stop all heparin
เหตุผลที่เป็นคำตอบนี้
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is caused by antibodies against heparin–platelet factor 4 complexes. It usually starts 5–10 days after heparin begins and causes thrombosis, so all heparin is stopped and a non-heparin anticoagulant is used.
คำตอบ
B · Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; stop all heparin