Sorunun veya ekipmanın gerektirdiği şekilde yuvarlayın.
2Alıştırma soruları
1.Doğum ve kadın sağlığı hemşireliğiOrta
On day 1 after birth, a woman's white cell count is mildly raised and she has no symptoms. How should this be interpreted?
AIt means she has leukaemia
BIt shows she is dehydrated
CIt proves she has an infection
DIt can be normal soon after birth
2.Doğum ve kadın sağlığı hemşireliğiZor
A woman at 8 weeks takes valproate for epilepsy. She asks whether she should stop it. Which response is best?
AContinue as usual because epilepsy drugs are all safe in pregnancy
BStop the drug today because it causes birth defects
CHalve the dose herself to reduce the risk to the baby
DDo not stop it suddenly; arrange urgent specialist review
3.Doz hesaplarıOrta
%20 (w/v) bir çözeltiden 500 mg’lik bir doz gerekiyor. Bu dozu hangi hacim V içerir?
500 mg20% w/v
V = mL
4.Doz hesaplarıZor
Bir hasta 187 cm boyunda ve 70 kg ağırlığında. İstem 135 mg/m². Mosteller formülü VYA = √(boy (cm) × kilo (kg)/3600) ile dozu D mg cinsinden bulun.
187 cm70 kg135 mg/m²
D = mg
5.IV infüzyon hızlarıOrta
Bir damla infüzyonu 60 gtt/mL’lik bir setle 60 gtt/min hızla akıyor. Hasta 2 saatte kaç mililitre V alır?
60 gtt/min60 gtt/mL2 h
V = mL
6.IV infüzyon hızlarıZor
Bir torba 500 mL içinde 4 g ilaç içeriyor. İstem dakikada 1 mg. Pompayı hangi hıza R (mL/h) ayarlarsınız?
4 g/500 mL1 mg/min
R = mL/h
3Çözeltiler
1.Doğum ve kadın sağlığı hemşireliği
Cevap: D · It can be normal soon after birth
Cevap neden bu
Leucocytosis is common in labour and the early postnatal period. It must be interpreted with clinical signs such as fever, pain and lochia changes rather than on its own.
Cevap
D · It can be normal soon after birth
2.Doğum ve kadın sağlığı hemşireliği
Cevap: D · Do not stop it suddenly; arrange urgent specialist review
Cevap neden bu
Valproate is strongly teratogenic, but stopping antiepileptics suddenly can cause seizures that harm mother and fetus. She needs urgent specialist review to change treatment safely, ideally before conception.
Cevap
D · Do not stop it suddenly; arrange urgent specialist review
3.Doz hesapları
Cevap: V = 2,5 mL
Solution strengths: a percentage strength is grams per 100 mL, so 1% = 1 g/100 mL = 10 mg/mL. A ratio strength 1:1000 means 1 g in 1000 mL = 1 mg/mL; 1:10 000 is 0,1 mg/mL. For a dilution the amount of drug stays the same: C₁·V₁ = C₂·V₂.
Konsantrasyon
20% = 200 mg/mL
Hacim
V = 500/200 = 2,5 mL
Cevap
V = 2,5 mL
4.Doz hesapları
Cevap: D = 257,4 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
Vücut yüzey alanı
BSA = √(187·70/3600) = √3,636 = 1,907 m²
Doz
D = 135·1,907 = 257,4 mg
Cevap
D = 257,4 mg
5.IV infüzyon hızları
Cevap: V = 120 mL
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
mL/h cinsinden hız
60·60/60 = 60 mL/h
Hacim
V = 60·2 = 120 mL
Cevap
V = 120 mL
6.IV infüzyon hızları
Cevap: R = 7,5 mL/h
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).