Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

A nurse teaches a patient with heart failure. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will call if my weight goes up quickly over a day or two.”
2. B“I will weigh myself every morning after I use the toilet.”
3. C“I will take my water tablet in the morning.”
4. D“I add extra salt to my food so it tastes better.”

A visitor on the ward becomes threatening and shows a knife. What is the nurse’s priority?

1. AArgue with the visitor to persuade them to leave
2. BIgnore the visitor and carry on with patient care
3. CMove away to safety, keep others away and call security or the police
4. DTry to take the knife away from the visitor straight away before anyone is hurt

Một bệnh nhân bị zona (herpes zoster) ở một vùng ngực, miễn dịch bình thường và các tổn thương có thể che phủ hoàn toàn. Thường cần áp dụng loại phòng ngừa nào?

1. AMôi trường bảo vệ với áp lực dương
2. BChỉ phòng ngừa giọt bắn
3. CPhòng ngừa lây truyền qua không khí trong phòng áp lực âm
4. DPhòng ngừa chuẩn, với các tổn thương được che phủ

A woman in late pregnancy is choking and cannot speak or cough. Which technique should the rescuer use?

1. ABlind finger sweeps
2. BBack blows only
3. CChest thrusts
4. DAbdominal thrusts

Trước khi cho kali clorid tĩnh mạch theo y lệnh, đánh giá nào quan trọng nhất?

1. AĐộ đàn hồi da ở cẳng tay
2. BLượng nước tiểu và chức năng thận
3. CKích thước đồng tử và phản xạ ánh sáng
4. DThính lực hai tai

A patient stopped long-term prednisone suddenly a week ago. Now: blood pressure 78/46 mm Hg, sodium 128 mEq/L, potassium 4,6 mEq/L, glucose 58 mg/dL (3,2 mmol/L). Which condition is most likely?

1. ASyndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
2. BCushing syndrome from steroid excess
3. CAcute adrenal insufficiency (adrenal crisis)
4. DPrimary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)

A patient has a fentanyl patch for chronic pain. Which advice is correct?

1. AKeep using the old patch with the new one
2. BCut the patch in half if the pain improves, to lower the dose
3. CAvoid heat sources such as hot water bottles over the patch
4. DApply the patch to broken skin for faster effect

A patient who speaks little English needs to give consent for a procedure. Their 14-year-old child offers to interpret. What is the best action?

1. ALet the child interpret to save time
2. BAsk the patient to sign the form without explanation
3. CArrange a professional interpreter
4. DUse gestures and proceed

Which position is usually best for the legs of a patient with chronic venous insufficiency and ankle swelling?

1. ACrossed at the knees while sitting
2. BRaised above the level of the heart when resting
3. CKept still in a standing position for long periods
4. DHanging down over the side of the bed

A patient with squamous cell lung cancer becomes confused, thirsty and constipated, with abdominal pain. Which electrolyte disturbance is most likely?

1. AHypomagnesaemia
2. BHypokalaemia
3. CHypercalcaemia
4. DHyponatraemia

Hành động điều dưỡng nào giúp phòng tăng áp lực nội sọ?

1. ACho bệnh nhân nằm phẳng với hông gập mạnh
2. BLàm mọi chăm sóc và hút đờm trong một đợt dài
3. CPhòng táo bón và giãn cách các hoạt động chăm sóc
4. DKhuyến khích ho mạnh mỗi giờ

During haemodialysis, a patient suddenly becomes breathless with chest pain, and air is seen in the line. What should the nurse do first?

1. AContinue the session and recheck in 30 minutes
2. BSit the patient upright and give a drink of water
3. CClamp the lines and lay the patient left side down, head low
4. DSpeed up the pump to clear the air into the patient

A patient is starting regular oral morphine. Which bowel advice is most appropriate?

1. AStart a regular laxative at the same time
2. BWait until there has been no stool for a week
3. CStop eating fibre completely
4. DTake a bulk-forming laxative only with very little water

On day 2 of nasogastric feeding, a severely malnourished patient becomes weak and breathless with ankle swelling. Phosphate is 0,4 mmol/L. What is most likely?

1. AToo little calorie intake
2. BNormal adjustment to the new feed
3. CRefeeding syndrome
4. DAn allergy to the feed formula