Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

Which patient with diabetes should the nurse see first?

1. AGlucose 48 mg/dL (2,7 mmol/L), sweating and confused
2. BHbA1c result of 8,2%, asking about diet
3. CGlucose 210 mg/dL (11,7 mmol/L) after a large lunch, feels well
4. DNeeds foot care teaching before discharge tomorrow

A toddler with tetralogy of Fallot becomes very blue and breathless while crying. What should the nurse do first?

1. APlace the child in a knee-to-chest position
2. BGive a large drink of water to calm the child
3. CLay the child flat on their back
4. DEncourage the child to keep crying to open the lungs

Why are blood cultures usually taken from two separate venipuncture sites?

1. ABecause each site tests a different antibiotic
2. BTo make the results come back faster from the laboratory
3. CTo reduce the total amount of blood taken
4. DTo help tell a true infection from skin contamination

A patient has a rash, and both smallpox and chickenpox are considered. Which finding suggests smallpox?

1. ALesions all at the same stage, most dense on the face and limbs
2. BA rash that is very itchy and starts on the trunk
3. CLesions at different stages, most dense on the trunk
4. DSmall crops of new lesions appearing over several days in a row

Một người bệnh hội chứng tiết hormone chống bài niệu không thích hợp (SIADH) có natri 128 mEq/L. Điều dưỡng mong đợi biện pháp nào được kê?

1. AChế độ ăn ít natri
2. BHạn chế dịch
3. CKhuyến khích uống thêm nước
4. DTruyền lượng lớn glucose 5% tĩnh mạch

A patient's creatinine was 0,9 mg/dL (80 µmol/L) on admission and is 1,3 mg/dL (115 µmol/L) 36 hours later. Using the common KDIGO criteria, what does this show?

1. ANo kidney injury, because the creatinine is still within the normal range
2. BChronic kidney disease, because creatinine has risen above baseline
3. CA laboratory error, because creatinine cannot change within 2 days
4. DAcute kidney injury, because it rose by at least 0,3 mg/dL within 48 hours

During a red cell transfusion, when are serious acute reactions most likely to start?

1. AAfter the third unit only
2. BAbout 24 hours later
3. CIn the first 15 minutes
4. DOnly after the unit has finished

Bệnh nhân sau đại phẫu có huyết áp giảm dần, nhịp tim tăng dần và bụng sưng căng, dù băng vết mổ khô. Bạn nên nghi ngờ điều gì?

1. ANhiễm trùng tiết niệu
2. BSưng bình thường sau phẫu thuật, không đáng lo
3. CTáo bón
4. DChảy máu trong

A patient is going home with a 24-hour Holter monitor. Which instruction is most important?

1. AKeep a diary of symptoms and activities with the times
2. BRemove the monitor whenever symptoms occur and restart it
3. CShower as normal with the monitor on
4. DStay in bed for the full 24 hours so the trace is clear

A patient with crushing chest pain has ST elevation in leads V1–V4. Which coronary artery is most likely blocked?

1. AThe left anterior descending artery
2. BThe circumflex artery
3. CThe right coronary artery and its branches
4. DThe left subclavian artery

Why is propranolol given to a patient with hyperthyroidism?

1. ATo replace the hormone lost from the thyroid gland
2. BTo stop the thyroid gland from making any more hormones
3. CTo destroy overactive thyroid tissue over a few weeks
4. DTo ease tremor and palpitations while other treatment starts

Which patient on a stroke unit is most at risk of falling?

1. AA patient with a right-hemisphere stroke who is impulsive and denies having weakness
2. BA patient with mild dysarthria who walks steadily with a frame
3. CA patient with a left-hemisphere stroke who has expressive aphasia and waits for help
4. DA patient with a TIA whose symptoms resolved completely yesterday

Which advice helps a person with diabetes prevent foot ulcers?

1. ACheck the feet every day and never walk barefoot
2. BCut corns off at home with a sharp blade
3. CWear tight shoes to support the ankles
4. DSoak the feet in very hot water every evening

A patient with haematemesis becomes drowsy and starts to vomit blood again. What is the immediate priority?

1. ASend a stool sample for faecal occult blood testing
2. BTurn the patient onto their side to protect the airway
3. CGive a large glass of iced water to slow the bleeding
4. DComplete the admission paperwork and medication history