Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

A nurse teaches a patient with COPD pursed-lip breathing. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will breathe out slowly through pursed lips.”
2. B“I will breathe in slowly through my nose.”
3. C“I will make my breath out about twice as long as my breath in.”
4. D“I will breathe in through my mouth and out quickly through my nose.”

Which patient needs airborne precautions rather than droplet precautions?

1. AA child with chickenpox (varicella)
2. BA teenager with mumps
3. CA child with pertussis (whooping cough)
4. DAn adult with influenza

Which technique is used for suctioning a tracheostomy in hospital?

1. ASterile technique, with a sterile catheter and sterile glove
2. BClean technique, with the catheter rinsed in tap water
3. CClean technique, reusing the catheter during the shift
4. DNo gloves at all, because the airway already contains bacteria

A patient’s white cell differential shows a raised number of band (immature) neutrophils, called a “shift to the left”. What does this usually suggest?

1. AAn acute bacterial infection
2. BAn allergic reaction
3. CA typical viral infection
4. DA long-standing parasitic infection

A stable adult who is not bleeding receives one unit of packed red cells. By about how much is the hemoglobin expected to rise?

1. AAbout 5 g/dL (50 g/L)
2. BAbout 0,1 g/dL (1 g/L)
3. CAbout 3 g/dL (30 g/L)
4. DAbout 1 g/dL (10 g/L)

A patient on high-dose dexamethasone has a white cell count of 15 × 10³/µL, mostly mature neutrophils with no bands. They have no fever and no signs of infection. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ACertain sepsis that needs antibiotics started without delay
2. BA laboratory error, because steroids always lower the white count
3. CA new leukemia that is confirmed by this result alone
4. DA steroid effect that moves neutrophils into the circulating blood

Thuốc nào được dùng để đảo ngược heparin không phân đoạn?

1. AFlumazenil
2. BNaloxone
3. CProtamine sulfate
4. DVitamin K (phytomenadione)

Bệnh nhân có catheter tĩnh mạch trung tâm đột nhiên khó thở và hạ huyết áp khi đường truyền đang được ngắt kết nối trong lúc bệnh nhân ngồi. Biến chứng nào có khả năng nhất?

1. AHạ đường huyết
2. BViêm tĩnh mạch
3. CViêm phổi
4. DThuyên tắc khí

Trước khi áp dụng liệu pháp băng ép cho loét tĩnh mạch chân, đánh giá nào là thiết yếu?

1. AChỉ số huyết áp cổ chân–cánh tay (ABPI)
2. BPhết vết loét nuôi cấy và làm kháng sinh đồ
3. CX-quang ngực và điện tâm đồ
4. DCông thức máu toàn bộ và CRP

Three days after an MI, a patient faints on the commode while straining hard to open the bowels. The heart rate was 42/min at the time. What is the most likely mechanism?

1. AA new pulmonary embolism
2. BAn allergic reaction to the commode
3. CLow blood glucose from fasting
4. DA vagal response to straining

Which lifestyle advice best helps a patient with epilepsy reduce their seizures?

1. ASkip a dose on days without any warning signs
2. BDrink coffee in the evening to stay alert
3. CAvoid all physical exercise and stay indoors
4. DKeep regular sleep and take every dose on time

A patient with gastroparesis has hypos soon after their meal-time insulin, then high glucose several hours later. What is the best explanation?

1. AFood is absorbed slowly, so the insulin peaks before the glucose rises
2. BThe insulin has gone off and needs replacing
3. CThe meter gives false results for several hours after every meal
4. DThe patient is secretly eating sweets between meals

Trang bị bảo hộ cá nhân nào thường được khuyến cáo khi cho hóa trị độc tế bào?

1. AGăng tay đã thử nghiệm cho hóa trị và áo choàng không thấm
2. BKhông cần trang bị bảo hộ, vì túi truyền được niêm phong
3. CKhẩu trang giấy phẫu thuật nhưng không găng
4. DGăng cotton thường và tạp dề nhựa

On day 5 after bowel resection, a patient has a fever, tachycardia and worsening abdominal pain, and the drain contains brown, faeculent fluid. What is most likely?

1. AAn anastomotic leak
2. BA urinary tract infection
3. CPostoperative constipation
4. DA normal day 5 recovery