Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

A patient with diabetes is unresponsive and has a blood glucose of 40 mg/dL (2,2 mmol/L). What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive IV dextrose or glucagon as prescribed
2. BPour orange juice into the patient’s mouth
3. CGive the scheduled dose of insulin
4. DWait 15 minutes and recheck the glucose

An infant with pyloric stenosis has repeated projectile vomiting. Which acid-base imbalance is most likely?

1. ARespiratory acidosis
2. BMetabolic alkalosis
3. CRespiratory alkalosis
4. DMetabolic acidosis

Nhận định nào về việc sử dụng dụng cụ cố định thể chất là đúng?

1. AƯu tiên các biện pháp thay thế, và cần có y lệnh giới hạn thời gian
2. BDụng cụ cố định chỉ được kiểm tra một lần vào cuối mỗi ca
3. CY lệnh cố định "khi cần" thường trực là thực hành tốt
4. DCó thể dùng bất cứ khi nào khoa thiếu điều dưỡng

Khi đặt ống thông tiểu bằng kỹ thuật vô khuẩn, đầu ống thông chạm vào đùi bệnh nhân. Điều dưỡng nên làm gì?

1. ATráng đầu ống bằng nước vô khuẩn rồi tiếp tục
2. BTiếp tục, vì đùi đã được làm sạch
3. CBỏ ống thông và dùng ống vô khuẩn mới
4. DLau đầu ống bằng chất sát khuẩn và tiếp tục

A nurse completed the hepatitis B vaccine series. Which result shows protective immunity?

1. AA positive HBsAg test
2. BAnti-HBs of 10 mIU/mL or more
3. CA raised ALT level
4. DA positive IgM anti-HBc

A patient with jaundice and nausea has a positive IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti-HAV). What does this show?

1. AImmunity from hepatitis A vaccine long ago
2. BChronic hepatitis A lasting many years
3. CA current or recent hepatitis A infection
4. DPast hepatitis B infection that has cleared

A nurse gives a patient analgesia for post-operative pain. What should be done next?

1. AGive a second analgesic straight away just in case
2. BAssume the pain has gone if the patient is quiet and has their eyes closed
3. CWait until the next shift before asking the patient about the pain
4. DReassess the pain and any side effects once the drug has had time to work

Why must severe chronic hyponatraemia be corrected slowly?

1. AToo-rapid correction can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain
2. BFast correction causes severe hypoglycaemia and seizures in most patients
3. CSodium given quickly causes immediate cardiac arrest
4. DFast correction makes the kidneys stop producing urine

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day
2. BIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
3. CIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
4. DIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve

During drainage of a large pleural effusion, a patient starts coughing and feels tight in the chest. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop or clamp the drainage and inform the doctor
2. BLie the patient flat until the drainage is complete
3. CAsk the patient to cough harder to help the flow
4. DSpeed up the drainage to finish quickly

A patient with untreated hyperthyroidism is losing weight. Which diet is most appropriate until the condition is controlled?

1. AA high-calorie diet with enough protein
2. BA low-calorie diet to protect the heart
3. CA strict low-protein diet
4. DA diet very high in caffeine for energy

A patient with trigeminal neuralgia has lost weight and has poor oral hygiene. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AEncourage hard, crunchy foods to strengthen the jaw muscles
2. BAdvise very hot drinks to relax the facial nerves
3. COffer soft, lukewarm food and advise chewing on the unaffected side
4. DTell the patient to stop brushing their teeth completely

Why is a urinary catheter usually inserted in a patient with a major burn?

1. ABurns always cause the bladder to rupture
2. BHourly urine output guides fluid resuscitation
3. CIt is needed to give medicines into the bladder
4. DThe catheter prevents wound infection

Bốn bệnh nhân ở khoa ngoại. Điều dưỡng nên đánh giá bệnh nhân nào trước?

1. AGiảm bạch cầu trung tính: thân nhiệt bình thường một giờ trước, thấy khỏe
2. BNgày 3 sau phẫu thuật: xin thuốc nhuận tràng vì táo bón
3. CMở thông hồi tràng ổn định: xin giúp thay túi
4. DBốn giờ sau phẫu thuật ruột: mạch 118/phút, huyết áp 90/55 mmHg