Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

A patient coughs hard after abdominal surgery, and loops of bowel appear through the opened wound. What does the nurse do first?

1. ALeave the wound uncovered so the surgeon can see it on arrival
2. BCover the wound with sterile dressings moistened with saline
3. CPush the bowel gently back into the abdomen with a gloved hand
4. DHelp the patient walk to the toilet to relieve abdominal pressure

Several patients on a unit develop diarrhea within two days. What should the nurse do first?

1. APlace affected patients on contact precautions and inform infection control
2. BGive all patients antidiarrheal drugs without assessment
3. CMove the affected patients into shared rooms with other patients to free up beds
4. DWait to see if more patients become unwell

Which measure is part of the bundle for inserting a central venous catheter to prevent bloodstream infection?

1. AGiving antibiotics to every patient before insertion
2. BRoutine replacement of the catheter on a fixed schedule, such as every three days
3. CChoosing the femoral vein as the first site in adults
4. DChlorhexidine-alcohol skin antisepsis and maximal sterile barrier precautions

A patient with fever and a spreading rash is suspected of having smallpox. Which precautions are needed?

1. ADroplet precautions with a surgical mask
2. BStandard precautions only
3. CContact precautions only
4. DAirborne and contact precautions

Vì sao người bệnh bệnh thận mạn thường bị thiếu máu?

1. AKali cao trong bệnh thận phá vỡ hồng cầu
2. BThận bị tổn thương lọc bỏ và phá hủy hồng cầu
3. CĐộc tố urê huyết làm tủy xương sản xuất bạch cầu thay vì hồng cầu
4. DThận tạo ra ít erythropoietin hơn, hormone thúc đẩy sản xuất hồng cầu

A patient with advanced chronic kidney disease has a mildly raised troponin that has stayed the same on several tests over months. There is no chest pain and the ECG is unchanged. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA laboratory error, because troponin is never raised in kidney disease
2. BA chronic stable rise; infarction needs a rising or falling pattern
3. CA sign of skeletal muscle injury, because troponin comes from all muscles
4. DProof of an acute myocardial infarction that needs emergency treatment now

Which of these is one of the "4 Hs", the reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

1. AHyperventilation
2. BHypoxia
3. CHypertension
4. DHyperthyroidism

Bệnh nhân đang dùng thuốc chống đông bị ngã và đập đầu nhưng trông khỏe. Hành động đúng là gì?

1. ACho thêm một liều thuốc chống đông
2. BSắp xếp thăm khám y khoa và nhiều khả năng chụp CT, kèm theo dõi thần kinh
3. CKhuyến khích bệnh nhân ngủ mà không theo dõi
4. DKhông làm gì vì bệnh nhân trông khỏe

A patient with heart failure is comfortable at rest but becomes breathless walking across a room. Which NYHA class fits best?

1. AClass IV
2. BClass I
3. CClass II
4. DClass III

A 74-year-old with atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes asks why she needs an anticoagulant when she feels well. Which reply is best?

1. AHer risk of stroke is high, and an anticoagulant lowers it
2. BIt is needed only while she has palpitations
3. CIt is given to lower her blood pressure
4. DThe anticoagulant will stop the irregular heartbeat for good

A stroke patient speaks fluently, but the words make little sense, and they do not follow simple instructions. Which type of aphasia is this?

1. ADysarthria from facial weakness
2. BExpressive (Broca's) aphasia
3. CGlobal aphasia with no speech at all
4. DReceptive (Wernicke's) aphasia

Một bệnh nhân đái tháo nhạt trung ương bắt đầu dùng desmopressin. Điều dưỡng nên theo dõi biến chứng nào?

1. ATiêu chảy nặng
2. BTăng kali máu
3. CHạ natri máu
4. DTăng đường huyết

How is the height of an epidural sensory block usually checked?

1. ATesting sensation to cold with ice or a cold spray
2. BTapping the knee with a reflex hammer and recording the score
3. CChecking the colour of the patient's urine
4. DMeasuring the patient's blood glucose level

Using the adult rule of nines, what is the total burn area of the whole right arm plus the whole front of the trunk (both with partial-thickness burns)?

1. A27%
2. B45%
3. C18%
4. D36%