Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

A patient with a valid do-not-resuscitate order (DNR; called DNACPR in the UK) stops breathing and has no pulse. What should the nurse do?

1. AStart CPR and stop when the family arrives
2. BFollow the DNR order and do not start CPR
3. CStart chest compressions but not rescue breaths
4. DCall the cardiac arrest team and let them decide

A child who had a tonsillectomy this morning is swallowing again and again while asleep. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal swallowing during sleep
2. BA sore throat from the breathing tube
3. CBleeding from the operation site
4. DHunger after fasting for surgery

A patient receiving continuous nasogastric feeding has pulled the tube partly out. What should the nurse do first?

1. APush the tube back in and restart the feed
2. BTape the tube in its new position and continue
3. CStop the feeding until the tube position is checked
4. DIncrease the feed rate to make up for the lost time

Điều dưỡng sắp tiêm morphine tĩnh mạch. Nhịp thở của bệnh nhân là 9/phút và bệnh nhân rất buồn ngủ. Điều dưỡng nên làm gì?

1. ACho liều vì trước đó bệnh nhân có báo đau
2. BCho liều và kiểm tra lại nhịp thở vào ngày mai
3. CHoãn liều, đánh giá bệnh nhân và thông báo người kê đơn
4. DCho nửa liều

A patient with chronic kidney disease has a potassium of 5,6 mEq/L. Which food should the nurse advise the patient to limit?

1. ABananas
2. BApples
3. CWhite rice
4. DCabbage

An 82-year-old woman without a catheter has a urine culture growing bacteria, but no fever, urinary symptoms or change in mental state. What is the best interpretation?

1. AAsymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics
2. BPyelonephritis, which needs admission and IV fluids today
3. CContamination, so the culture must be repeated every week
4. DA urinary tract infection that needs urgent IV antibiotics

An arterial blood gas shows a low pH, a high PaCO₂ and a normal bicarbonate. What does this show?

1. ARespiratory alkalosis
2. BRespiratory acidosis
3. CMetabolic acidosis
4. DMetabolic alkalosis

An older patient with delirium is trying to leave the ward at night, saying he must go home. What is the best initial approach?

1. ALet him leave, because adults can always do as they wish whatever their state
2. BPhysically restrain him in bed until the morning so that he cannot fall
3. CGive a sedative straight away without a prescription
4. DCalmly reassure and redirect him while the team assesses his capacity and safety

Theo hướng dẫn hiện hành, khi nào nên cho oxy ở bệnh nhân hội chứng vành cấp?

1. AKhông bao giờ, vì oxy gây hại cho cơ tim
2. BChỉ khi SpO₂ dưới khoảng mục tiêu
3. CChỉ khi đã có kết quả troponin
4. DLuôn luôn ở 15 L/phút, bất kể độ bão hòa

A patient regains a pulse after a ventricular fibrillation arrest that was probably caused by a heart attack. Which investigation is most urgent?

1. AA 12-lead ECG
2. BSpirometry
3. CA lumbar puncture
4. DAn abdominal ultrasound

Which long-term risk should a kidney transplant recipient be taught to reduce with sun protection?

1. AGout
2. BHair loss
3. CSkin cancer
4. DKidney stones

An 89-year-old with stage 5 CKD and severe heart failure, who has capacity, decides not to start dialysis. What is the nurse's best response?

1. AAsk the family to change the patient's mind
2. BRespect the decision and support symptom-focused care
3. CStop all care, because nothing more can be done
4. DTell the patient they must start dialysis by law

Which is a recognised risk of long-term proton pump inhibitor use?

1. AHypercalcaemia
2. BHypomagnesaemia
3. CHyperkalaemia
4. DHypernatraemia

An older patient with atrial fibrillation has sudden severe abdominal pain, but the abdomen is soft with little tenderness. Lactate is raised. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AMuscle strain from coughing
2. BIrritable bowel syndrome
3. CAcute mesenteric ischaemia
4. DSimple constipation