Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

Which SBAR recommendation is the clearest?

1. A“I just wanted to let you know about him.”
2. B“I would like you to see him within 15 minutes and consider a fluid bolus.”
3. C“I will keep watching him and call again tomorrow.”
4. D“He seems a bit off tonight, so maybe you could come up and do something about it.”

A patient’s serum potassium is 6,1 mEq/L. Which of the patient’s medications should the nurse question first?

1. AHydrochlorothiazide
2. BOmeprazole
3. CSpironolactone
4. DFurosemide

An infant has had a cleft lip repair. Why are elbow restraints often used?

1. ATo stop the infant’s hands reaching the mouth while still allowing arm movement
2. BTo prevent the infant from sucking a pacifier
3. CTo keep the infant from rolling over in the crib
4. DTo hold the IV line in place during feeds and stop it being pulled out

A nurse who is not immune to chickenpox was exposed to a patient with varicella before precautions began. What usually happens?

1. AThe nurse is assessed and kept from patient contact during the incubation period per policy
2. BThe nurse must take a two-week course of antibiotics to prevent the infection
3. CThe nurse continues working with all patients as usual, including newborns
4. DThe nurse only needs to wear gloves for the next month

A patient with hyperkalemia is prescribed an oral potassium binder such as patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. How does this drug lower potassium?

1. AIt protects the heart muscle against high potassium levels
2. BIt stops the kidneys from absorbing water in the tubules
3. CIt moves potassium into cells in the next few minutes
4. DIt binds potassium in the gut so it leaves in the stool

Một người bệnh có natri 132 mEq/L và đường huyết 600 mg/dL (33,3 mmol/L) nhập viện. Vì sao cần thận trọng khi diễn giải giá trị natri?

1. AGlucose cao làm natri đo được tăng giả, nên thực tế thấp hơn
2. BGlucose cao kéo nước vào máu, làm loãng natri
3. CKết quả natri chắc chắn là sai sót của phòng xét nghiệm
4. DGlucose không ảnh hưởng đến natri đo được

Bệnh nhân đái tháo đường bất tỉnh có đường huyết 2,1 mmol/L và không có đường truyền tĩnh mạch. Có thể cho gì?

1. ANước ép trái cây đường uống
2. BInsulin tiêm dưới da
3. CViên glucose đường uống
4. DGlucagon tiêm bắp

An older man has sudden severe abdominal and back pain, is hypotensive and has a pulsating mass in the abdomen. What should be suspected?

1. AA ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
2. BRenal colic from a kidney stone
3. CAcute gastritis from anti-inflammatory drugs
4. DMusculoskeletal back pain

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AThe cannula should be placed in the mouth
2. BIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx
3. CThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all
4. DIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped

Một bệnh nhân dùng warfarin cho rung nhĩ có INR 8,5 nhưng không chảy máu. Xử trí nhiều khả năng nhất là gì?

1. ACho phức hợp prothrombin cô đặc và truyền máu
2. BTiêm tĩnh mạch protamine sulfate ngay để đảo ngược
3. CTiếp tục liều thường dùng và kiểm tra lại INR sau một tháng
4. DGiữ lại warfarin, báo người kê đơn và sớm kiểm tra lại INR

A patient with a suspected basal skull fracture needs a gastric tube. Which route is preferred?

1. AThrough the mouth (orogastric)
2. BThrough the nose (nasogastric)
3. CThrough the nose with a guidewire
4. DThrough a fine-bore nasal tube

After a TURP, a patient on bladder irrigation has bladder spasms. The drainage has slowed and contains clots, and the bag holds less than the irrigant given. What should the nurse do first?

1. ASuspect a clot in the catheter and follow the protocol
2. BEncourage the patient to strain to pass the clots
3. CTurn off the irrigation and leave the catheter alone
4. DGive an antispasmodic and recheck in four hours

Which measure helps reduce the risk of delirium in an older surgical patient?

1. AGiving a sleeping tablet every night
2. BMoving them to a new bed space each night to reduce boredom
3. CMaking sure they have their glasses and hearing aids
4. DKeeping the room dark during the day

A patient with cirrhosis and ascites has a falling urine output and a rising creatinine. They have not received nephrotoxic drugs and are not dehydrated. Which complication is likely?

1. APolycystic kidney disease
2. BHepatorenal syndrome
3. CNephrotic syndrome
4. DUrinary tract infection