Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

A patient with a spinal cord injury at T4 suddenly has a severe headache, flushing above the injury and a blood pressure of 200/110 mmHg. What does the nurse do first?

1. AGive a warm drink and recheck the blood pressure in an hour
2. BApply extra blankets to keep the patient warm and calm
3. CSit the patient upright with the legs lowered
4. DLay the patient flat with the legs raised

A patient receiving comfort-focused end-of-life care is distressed by breathlessness. Which approach is most appropriate?

1. AStart a series of aggressive tests to find the exact cause of the breathlessness
2. BWithhold all opioids because they may slow breathing
3. CLeave the patient alone so they can rest
4. DGive prescribed opioids and use positioning and a fan to relieve breathlessness

A nurse wants to set up a sterile field in the morning for a procedure that will take place after lunch. What is correct?

1. ASet it up in the morning and ask a colleague to check it once
2. BSet it up in the morning and cover it with a clean towel until the procedure starts
3. CSet it up just before the procedure, because a waiting field may become contaminated
4. DSet it up in the morning and leave it uncovered in an empty room

Y lệnh viết tay ghi "10U regular insulin subcut now". Hành động tốt nhất của điều dưỡng là gì?

1. ACho 100 đơn vị, như y lệnh có vẻ ghi
2. BLàm rõ y lệnh, vì "U" có thể bị đọc nhầm
3. CCho 10 đơn vị mà không thắc mắc, đúng như viết
4. DNhờ hộ lý đọc giúp chữ viết tay

A patient has macrocytic anemia with numbness and tingling of the feet and poor balance. Which deficiency is most likely?

1. AIron (low ferritin)
2. BVitamin B₁₂
3. CVitamin C (ascorbic acid)
4. DFolate (folic acid)

Kali của người bệnh ở mức 3,4–3,6 mEq/L trong nhiều tháng, và một kết quả đơn lẻ hôm nay là 5,4 mEq/L. Người bệnh thấy khỏe và điện tâm đồ bình thường. Bước tiếp theo tốt nhất là gì?

1. AKiểm tra cách lấy mẫu, đánh giá người bệnh và làm lại xét nghiệm
2. BBỏ qua kết quả vì người bệnh thấy khỏe
3. CNgừng tất cả thuốc thường dùng của người bệnh
4. DBắt đầu thuốc gắn kali ngay mà không kiểm tra thêm

A patient has a fentanyl patch for chronic pain. Which advice is correct?

1. AApply the patch to broken skin for faster effect
2. BKeep using the old patch with the new one
3. CCut the patch in half if the pain improves, to lower the dose
4. DAvoid heat sources such as hot water bottles over the patch

An older patient's blood pressure is 142/80 mmHg lying and 116/72 mmHg after standing for three minutes, and they feel dizzy. What does this show?

1. AWhite coat hypertension
2. BPostural hypotension
3. CHypertensive emergency
4. DNormal blood pressure variation

Phân suất tống máu là gì?

1. AThể tích máu bơm ra sau mỗi nhịp tim
2. BThể tích máu tim bơm ra mỗi phút
3. CPhần trăm máu trong tâm thất được tống ra sau mỗi nhịp
4. DÁp lực trong tâm thất trái cuối thì đổ đầy tâm trương

A patient declines enoxaparin for VTE prevention because it is made from pork, which conflicts with their beliefs. What is the best response?

1. ADocument the refusal in the notes and take no further action at all
2. BRespect the decision, inform the prescriber and discuss non-animal options
3. CGive the injection anyway without explaining what the medicine is made from
4. DTell the patient that refusal means they cannot have surgery

Why is an ACE inhibitor often given to a patient with diabetes and albumin in the urine?

1. AIt protects the kidneys and reduces albumin loss
2. BIt raises potassium to protect the heart
3. CIt stops the kidneys from passing so much urine at night
4. DIt lowers the blood glucose to normal

A patient with Parkinson's disease becomes agitated and confused at night. Which newly prescribed drug should the nurse question?

1. AHaloperidol
2. BLactulose
3. CMelatonin
4. DParacetamol (acetaminophen)

Why are laxatives and enemas avoided when appendicitis is suspected?

1. AThey make the blood tests impossible to read
2. BThey stop antibiotics from being absorbed
3. CThey may increase the risk of perforation
4. DThey always cause the appendix to bleed heavily

On day 3 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a patient has abdominal pain, fever and mild jaundice, and green fluid is draining from the drain. What is most likely?

1. AA wound haematoma
2. BNormal post-operative drainage
3. CA bile leak
4. DUrinary retention