Ưu tiên và ủy quyền kiểu NCLEX: gói ôn nước rút

Which infant with gastroenteritis should the nurse see first?

1. AMild diaper rash, otherwise playful
2. BLethargic, sunken fontanel, no wet diaper for 8 hours
3. CAlert, crying with tears, had a wet diaper an hour ago
4. DTwo loose stools today, feeding well

Báo cáo nào của phụ tá điều dưỡng điều dưỡng nên xử trí trước tiên?

1. ASau phẫu thuật hàn cột sống thắt lưng sáng nay, không cảm nhận hay cử động được hai chân
2. BMột người bệnh nằm nghỉ tại giường xin bô
3. CMột người bệnh viêm phổi ho ra đờm vàng
4. DMột người bệnh đái tháo đường nói bàn chân thường tê ran, như mọi khi

Hai bệnh nhân có tên rất giống nhau ở cùng một khoa. Biện pháp an toàn nào tốt nhất?

1. ADùng số phòng để phân biệt các bệnh nhân
2. BChuyển một trong hai bệnh nhân sang bệnh viện khác
3. CGắn cờ cảnh báo tên giống nhau và kiểm tra hai yếu tố nhận dạng mỗi lần
4. DChỉ gọi mỗi bệnh nhân bằng tên riêng

A patient after heart surgery has temporary epicardial pacing wires. Why do staff take special care with electrical safety?

1. AThe wires make the patient immune to electric shock
2. BPacing wires can only carry current coming from the pacemaker box itself
3. CSmall currents can travel along the wires straight to the heart and cause arrhythmias
4. DElectrical safety only matters for patients who have permanent implanted pacemakers

How should a blood sample for serum ammonia be handled?

1. AShaken firmly to mix it before it is sent away
2. BKept warm and sent with the next routine batch
3. CPlaced on ice and sent to the laboratory at once
4. DLeft at room temperature for several hours first

A patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia has a measured sodium of 128 mEq/L, but a measured serum osmolality is normal, and the patient has no symptoms. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AHyponatremia caused by drinking far too much water
2. BTrue hyponatremia from SIADH that needs fluid restriction
3. CPseudohyponatremia, an artifact caused by very high lipids
4. DHyponatremia caused by severe hyperglycemia in diabetes

Why must a patient with a new coronary stent not stop their antiplatelet medicines without specialist advice?

1. AStopping causes immediate kidney failure
2. BStopping early greatly increases the risk of a clot forming in the stent
3. CThe stent will dissolve if the drugs are stopped before the course ends
4. DStopping causes severe low blood pressure

A patient with a possible neck injury after a fall needs their airway opened. Which manoeuvre is preferred?

1. AHead tilt with chin lift
2. BTurning the head to one side
3. CJaw thrust
4. DHyperextending the neck

A patient uses a glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) patch for angina. Why is it usually removed for several hours each day?

1. AIt lowers the risk of a high potassium level
2. BThe patch works only during the night
3. CA nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance
4. DThe skin needs a break to absorb a larger dose

After intubation, breath sounds are heard on the right side of the chest but not the left. What is the most likely cause?

1. AThe tube cuff has burst during insertion
2. BThe left lung has completely filled with fluid
3. CThe tube has entered the right main bronchus
4. DThe tube has entered the oesophagus

For which patient with migraine would the nurse question an order for sumatriptan?

1. AA patient with well-controlled hypothyroidism
2. BA patient who also has asthma
3. CA patient with a history of angina
4. DA patient with an allergy to penicillin

Near the end of a haemodialysis session, a patient has painful leg cramps and a falling blood pressure. What is the most likely cause?

1. AThe dialysate is too cold
2. BAn allergic reaction to the needles
3. CFluid is being removed too quickly
4. DNot enough fluid is being removed

Các biện pháp phòng ngừa đặc biệt với dịch cơ thể thường được áp dụng trong bao lâu sau nhiều thuốc hóa trị?

1. AChỉ trong lúc truyền
2. BCả một năm
3. CThường khoảng 48 giờ
4. DKhông bao giờ cần

In week 5 of radiotherapy, the skin in the treatment field is broken, moist and painful. What should the nurse do?

1. AScrub the area with soap to prevent infection
2. BUse a heat pad to speed healing
3. CApply adhesive tape directly over the area to protect it from clothing
4. DReport it, keep it clean and use a non-adherent dressing