Cell biology worksheet with answers

The cell membrane is mainly made of:

1. AStarch
2. BCellulose
3. CDNA
4. DA phospholipid bilayer with proteins

Where is the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell mainly stored?

1. AIn the cell membrane
2. BIn the vacuole
3. CIn the nucleus
4. DIn the ribosomes

When human muscle cells lack oxygen, pyruvate is converted into:

1. AEthanol
2. BAcetyl-CoA
3. CGlucose
4. DLactate

Transcription produces:

1. ADNA from RNA
2. BmRNA from a DNA template
3. CDNA from DNA
4. DProtein from mRNA

How do large proteins such as transcription factors enter the nucleus?

1. AThrough nuclear pore complexes, guided by a nuclear localisation signal
2. BBy diffusing freely through the nuclear membrane lipids
3. CThey are made inside the nucleus by nuclear ribosomes, so they never enter
4. DBy exocytosis from the endoplasmic reticulum

How do steroid hormones such as cortisol mainly act on their target cells?

1. AThey are taken up by phagocytosis and digested
2. BThey cross the membrane and bind intracellular receptors that change gene transcription
3. CThey bind a membrane receptor and open ion channels, changing the cell's membrane potential
4. DThey activate adenylyl cyclase from outside the cell

In Tay–Sachs disease, a ganglioside builds up in nerve cells because of a missing enzyme. In which organelle does the build-up occur?

1. ASmooth ER
2. BMitochondrion
3. CPeroxisome
4. DLysosome

In the Hershey–Chase experiment, phages labelled with ³²P and ³⁵S infected bacteria. What was found inside the bacteria?

1. AMostly ³⁵S, showing protein enters the cell
2. BEqual amounts of both labels
3. CNeither label, because phages stay outside
4. DMostly ³²P, showing DNA enters the cell